@TechReport{iza:izadps:dp10354,
            	author={Barbieri, Laura and Piva, Mariacristina and Vivarelli, Marco},
            	title={R&D, Embodied Technological Change and Employment: Evidence from Italian Microdata},
            	year={2016},
	month={Nov},
            	institution={Institute of Labor Economics (IZA)},
            	address={Bonn},
            	type={IZA Discussion Paper},
            	number={10354},
            	url={https://www.iza.org/index.php/publications/dp10354},
	abstract={This paper explores the employment impact of innovation activity, taking into account both R&D expenditures and embodied technological change (ETC). We use a novel panel dataset covering 265 innovative Italian firms over the period 1998-2010. The main outcome from the proposed fixed effect estimations is a labor-friendly nature of total innovation expenditures; however, this positive effect is barely significant when the sole in-house R&D expenditures are considered and fades away when ETC is included as a proxy for innovation activities. Moreover, the positive employment impacts of innovation activities and R&D expenditures are totally due to firms operating in high-tech industries and large companies, while no job-creation due to technical change is detectable in traditional sectors and SMEs.},
	keywords={technology;innovation;R&D;embodied technological change;employment},
            }