This paper examines how individuals respond financially to severe health shocks by analyzing early withdrawals from retirement savings following the initiation of cancer treatment (chemotherapy). Using comprehensive administrative data from Australia that link health, tax, and demographic records, we study behavior in a setting with universal health coverage and a mandatory retirement savings scheme that permits early access under hardship provisions. We find that early withdrawals increase significantly in the year of and the year after treatment, particularly among individuals who lose income or receive a terminal diagnosis. To interpret these patterns, we extend a dynamic Grossman-style model of health capital to account for survival probabilities and institutional features of the retirement system. Our findings show that health shocks prompt individuals to draw down retirement savings as a form of self-insurance, revealing how health risks interact with retirement policy. These results inform ongoing debates about the flexibility and adequacy of retirement savings systems.