Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18592

Climate Change and Workplace Injury

Qifan Fu, Masaru Sasaki

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18376

Why Female Professors Earn Less: The Role of Retention Negotiations and Performance Bonuses

Isea Cieply, Laura Barros, Alexander Silbersdorff, Thomas Kneib, Krisztina Kis-Katos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18364

The Returns to Education in Arkansas: Evidence from the 1987 Compulsory Education Law

Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18345

The Minimum Wage and Inequality Between Groups

Francine D. Blau, Isaac Cohen, Matthew Comey, Lawrence M. Kahn, Nikolai Boboshko

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18282

Economic Consequences of Political Persecution (updated research)

Radim Bohacek, Michal Myck

This Discussion Paper updates and extends the analysis presented in IZA DP 11136.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17963

Education and Earnings in Arkansas

Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17655

Workers' Job Prospects and Young Firm Dynamics

Seula Kim

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17607

Are Artificial Intelligence (AI) Skills a Reward or a Gamble? Deconstructing the AI Wage Premium in Europe

Konstantinos Pouliakas, Giulia Santangelo

published online in: Eurasian Business Review, 11 March 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603

Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies

Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16474

Can Vocational Education Improve Schooling and Labour Outcomes? Evidence from a Large Expansion

João R. Ferreira, Pedro S. Martins

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15516

Returns to Education in the Public and Private Sectors: Europe and Central Asia

Claudio Montenegro, Harry Anthony Patrinos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15300

Real Estate Agent Earnings and Local Housing Prices

Barry Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, Zichong (Tom) Qu

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15197

Industries, Mega Firms, and Increasing Inequality

John C. Haltiwanger, Henry R. Hyatt, James R. Spletzer

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14992

Hours Constraints and Wage Differentials across Firms

Claudio Labanca, Dario Pozzoli

published online in: Journal of Human Resources, 07 November 2023,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14511

Skill Demand and Wages. Evidence from Linked Vacancy Data

Lennart Ziegler

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14112

Wage Inequality and Labor Rights Violations

Ioana E. Marinescu, Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13327

Wage Growth Distribution and Changes over Time: 2001-2018

Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes

published in: Australian Economic Review, 2021, 54 (1), 76-93

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13245

Employer Policies and the Immigrant-Native Earnings Gap

Benoit Dostie, Jiang Li, David Card, Daniel Parent

published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2023, 233 (2), 544-567.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13175

Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth Century American Labor Markets

John H. Pencavel

published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (1), 139 - 167.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13040

Wage Gains from Foreign Ownership: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data

János Köllő , István Boza, László Balázsi

published in: Journal for Labor Market Research, 2021, 55, 3 (2021)

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12608

Catching up Is Hard to Do: Undergraduate Prestige, Elite Graduate Programs, and the Earnings Premium

Joni Hersch

published in: Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 2019, 10 (3), 503 - 553

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12322

The Effects of Work-Life Benefits on Employment Outcomes in Canada: A Multivariate Analysis

Tony Fang, Byron Lee, Andrew R. Timming, Di Fan

published in: Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations, 2019, 74(2), 323-351.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12258

Disability and the Unionized Workplace

Mason Ameri, Mohammad Ali, Lisa Schur, Douglas L. Kruse

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12013

Wage Differentials by Bargaining Regime in Spain (2002-2014): An Analysis Using Matched Employer-Employee Data

Raul Ramos, Esteban Sanromá, Hipólito Simón

published in: Journal of Policy Modeling, 2022, 44 (2), 375-395

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11788

The Impact of Employment Protection on the Industrial Wage Structure

John S. Heywood, Mary O'Mahony, W. Stanley Siebert, Ana Rincon-Aznar

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11266

Why Are Professors "Poorly Paid"?

Daniel S. Hamermesh

published in: Economics of Education Review, 2018, 66, 137-41

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11136

Economic Consequences of Political Persecution

Radim Bohacek, Michal Myck

updated version available as DP 18282

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11122

Revisiting Interregional Wage Differentials: New Evidence from Spain with Matched Employer-Employee Data

Inés P. Murillo Huertas, Raul Ramos, Hipólito Simón

published in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60 (2), 296-347

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11073

Spatial-Ethnic Inequalities: The Role of Location in the Estimation of Ethnic Wage Differentials

Simonetta Longhi

published as 'Does Geographical Location Matter for Ethnic Wage Gaps?' in: Journal of Regional Science, 2020, 60 (3), 538-557

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11071

What Really Happened to British Inequality in the Early 20th Century? Evidence from National Household Expenditure Surveys 1890–1961

Ian Gazeley, Andrew T. Newell, Kevin Reynolds, Hector Gutierrez Rufrancos

forthcoming in: Economic History Review

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11030

How Do Latin American Migrants in the U.S. Stand on Schooling Premium? What Does It Reveal about Education Quality in Their Home Countries?

Daniel Alonso-Soto, Hugo R. Nopo

published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2018, 39(6), 855-879.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10974

The Dynamics of Gender Earnings Differentials: Evidence from Establishment Data

Erling Barth, Sari Pekkala Kerr, Claudia Olivetti

published in: European Economic Review, 2021, 134, 103713

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10915

Analyzing Wage Differentials by Fields of Study: Evidence from Turkey

Antonio Di Paolo, Aysit Tansel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10901

Skill Premiums and the Supply of Young Workers in Germany

Albrecht Glitz, Daniel Wissmann

published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 72, 102034

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10676

Returns to Postgraduate Education in Portugal: Holding on to a Higher Ground?

Andre Almeida, Hugo Figueiredo, João Cerejeira, Miguel Portela, Carla Sá, Pedro N. Teixeira

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10571

Nonprofit Wages: Theory and Evidence

Barry Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, Anne E. Preston

published in: Bruce Seaman and Dennis Young (eds.), Handbook of Research on Nonprofit Economics and Management, 2nd ed., Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2018, pp. 146-179

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10496

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Non-Work at Work

Daniel S. Hamermesh, Katie R. Genadek, Michael C. Burda

published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2021, 74 (2), 272-292

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10132

Gender Wage Gaps and Risky vs. Secure Employment: An Experimental Analysis

Seeun Jung, Chung Choe, Ronald L. Oaxaca

published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 52, 112-121

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9656

The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations

Francine D. Blau, Lawrence M. Kahn

published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2017, 55(3), 789-865

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9485

Bad Karma or Discrimination? Male-Female Wage Gaps among Salaried Workers in India

Ashwini Deshpande, Deepti Goel, Shantanu Khanna

published in: World Development, 2018, 102, 331-344

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8255

Reaching High: Occupational Sorting and Higher Education Wage Inequality in the UK

Jan Kleibrink, Maren M. Michaelsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8224

The Market for Mules: Risk and Compensation of Cross-Border Drug Couriers

David J. Bjerk, Caleb Mason

published in: International Review of Law and Economics, 2014, 39, 58-72.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8176

Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Labor Market: Employment and Wage Differentials by Skill

Daniel Borowczyk-Martins, Jake Bradley, Linas Tarasonis

published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 49, 106-127

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7849

Beneath the Surface: The Decline in Gender Injury Gap

Tiziano Razzolini, Roberto Leombruni, Giovanni Mastrobuoni, Mario Pagliero

substantially revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2014, 30, 282-288

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7592

Bargaining and the Gender Wage Gap: A Direct Assessment

David Card, Ana Rute Cardoso, Patrick Kline

published as 'Bargaining, sorting, and the gender wage gap: Quantifying the impact of firms on the relative pay of women' in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2016, 131 (2), 633-686

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7380

Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination

Jan Feld, Nicolás Salamanca, Daniel S. Hamermesh

published in: Economic Journal, 2016, 126 (594), 1503-1527

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7191

Self-Employment in China: Are Rural Migrant Workers and Urban Residents Alike?

Yuling Cui, Daehoon Nahm, Massimiliano Tani

published in: Australian Economic Review, 2015, 48 (4), 382-399

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7095

FDI and Wages: Evidence from Firm-Level and Linked Employer-Employee Data in Hungary, 1986-2008

John S. Earle, Álmos Telegdy, Gábor Antal

published as 'Foreign Ownership and Wages: Evidence from Hungary, 1986 -2008 ' in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2017, 71 (2), 458 - 491

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6840

A Cautionary Note on Using Industry Affiliation to Predict Income

Jörn-Steffen Pischke, Hannes Schwandt

IZA Discussion Paper No. 6806

Evolution of Teachers' Salaries in Latin America at the Turn of the 20th Century: How Much Are They (Under or Over) Paid?

Alejandra Mizala, Hugo R. Nopo

published in: International Journal of Educational Development, 2016, 47, 20-32