The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 14,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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77 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14174
Gender and Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments
Alison L. Booth, Patrick J. Nolen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14037
Between the Dockyard and the Deep Blue Sea: Retention and Personnel Economics in the Royal Navy
Darrell J. Glaser, Ahmed S. Rahman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13628
Psychological Pressure and the Right to Determine the Moves in Dynamic Tournaments: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment
Mark Kassis, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer, Matthias Sutter
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2021, 126, 278-287.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13596
Competition and Career Advancement: The Hidden Costs of Paid Leave
Julian V. Johnsen, Hyejin Ku, Kjell G. Salvanes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13202
Perceived Fairness and Consequences of Affirmative Action Policies
Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch, Chi Trieu, Jana Willrodt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12182
Girls' and Boys' Performance in Competitions: What We Can Learn from a Korean Quiz Show
Alison L. Booth, Jungmin Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11919
Competing on the Holodeck: The Effect of Virtual Peers and Heterogeneity in Dynamic Tournaments
Frederik Graff, Christian Grund, Christine Harbring
published in: Journal of Behavioral & Experimental Economics 2021, 90, 101596
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11675
Working Hours and Top Management Appointments: Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Data
Anders Frederiksen, Takao Kato, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10977
Performance and Risk Taking under Threat of Elimination
Nathan R. Adams, Glen R. Waddell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10788
Women in the Workplace and Management Practices: Theory and Evidence
Takao Kato, Naomi Kodama
published in: Susan L. Averett, Laura M. Argys and Saul D. Hoffman (eds.), Oxford Handbook on the Economics of Women, New York: OUP, 2018
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10755
Do Tournaments with Superstars Encourage or Discourage Competition?
Michael Babington, Sebastian J. Goerg, Carl Kitchens
published in: Journal of Sports Economics, 2020, 21 (1), 44-63.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10626
Gender Differences in Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Competitive Behavior
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Rachel Frank, Emiliano Huet-Vaughn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10384
Performance in Mixed-Sex and Single-Sex Tournaments: What We Can Learn from Speedboat Races in Japan
Alison L. Booth, Eiji Yamamura
Forthcoming in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2018.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10011
Gender Differences in Risk-Taking: Evidence from Professional Basketball
René Böheim, Christoph Freudenthaler, Mario Lackner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9854
The Adverse Consequences of Tournaments: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2018, Vol. 151, July, pp. 1–18.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9593
Citations in Economics: Measurement, Uses and Impacts
Daniel S. Hamermesh
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2018, 56, 111 - 156
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9565
Psychological Incentives, Financial Incentives, and Risk Attitudes in Tournaments: An Artefactual Field Experiment
Bram Cadsby, Jim Engle-Warnick, Tony Fang, Fei Song
published in: Journal of Economic Psychology, 2019, 72, 64-79
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9564
Are Competitors Forward Looking in Strategic Interactions? Evidence from the Field
Mario Lackner, Rudi Stracke, Uwe Sunde, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organisation, 2020, 179, 544-565
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9330
Strive to be First or Avoid Being Last: An Experiment on Relative Performance Incentives
E. Glenn Dutcher, Loukas Balafoutas, Florian Lindner, Dmitry Ryvkin, Matthias Sutter
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2015, 94, 39-56.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9041
Combining "Real Effort" with Induced Effort Costs: The Ball-Catching Task
Simon Gächter, Lingbo Huang, Martin Sefton
revised version published in: Experimental Economics 19(4), December 2016, 287-712; doi: 10.1007/s10683-015-9465-9
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8950
Rank-Order Tournaments, Probability of Winning and Investing in Talent: Evidence from Champions League Qualifying Rules
Colin P. Green, Fernando A. Lozano, Rob Simmons
published in: NIESR Review: Special Issue of Sports Economics , 2015, 232 (1), R30 - R40
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8369
Progressive Taxation in a Tournament Economy
Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Peter Hans Matthews, Benjamin Tabb
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7799
Are Females Scared of Competing with Males? Results from a Field Experiment
Maria De Paola, Francesca Gioia, Vincenzo Scoppa
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2015, 48, 117-128
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7759
After the Tournament: Outcomes and Effort Provision
Andrew McGee, Peter McGee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7492
On the Escalation and De-Escalation of Conflict
Juan A. Lacomba, Francisco Lagos, Ernesto Reuben, Frans van Winden
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2014, 86, 40-57
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6884
The Impact of Managerial Change on Performance: The Role of Team Heterogeneity
Sandra Hentschel, Gerd Muehlheusser, Dirk Sliwka
published in: Economic Inquiry 54(2), 1128-119, 2016
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6620
Competition, Cooperation, and Collective Choice
Thomas Markussen, Ernesto Reuben, Jean-Robert Tyran
published in: Economic Journal, 2014, 124 (574), F163-F195
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6480
The Effects of Prize Spread and Noise in Elimination Tournaments: A Natural Field Experiment
Josse Delfgaauw, Robert Dur, Arjan Non, Willem Verbeke
revised version published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 33(3), 521-569
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6411
Information and Competition Entry
Mara Ewers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6316
Sabotage in Tournaments: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Loukas Balafoutas, Florian Lindner, Matthias Sutter
revised version published in: Kyklos, 2012, 65 (4), 425-441
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6304
Testing Canonical Tournament Theory: On the Impact of Risk, Social Preferences and Utility Structure
Roman M. Sheremeta, Steven Y. Wu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6279
Team Incentives: Evidence from a Firm Level Experiment
Oriana Bandiera, Iwan Barankay, Imran Rasul
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2013, 11 (5), 1079-1114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6187
Costless Discrimination and Unequal Achievements in a Labour Market Experiment
Antonio Filippin, Francesco Guala
published in: Experimental Economics, 2013, 16(3), 285-305
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5755
Incentives vs. Selection in Promotion Tournaments: Can a Designer Kill Two Birds with One Stone?
Wolfgang Höchtl, Rudolf Kerschbamer, Rudi Stracke, Uwe Sunde
revised version published in: Managerial and Decision Economics, 2015, 36(5), 275–285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5704
League-Table Incentives and Price Bubbles in Experimental Asset Markets
Stephen L. Cheung, Andrew Coleman
revised version published as 'Relative Performance Incentives and Price Bubbles in Experimental Asset Markets' in: Southern Economic Journal, 2014, 81 (2), 345-363
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5543
Managerial Incentives and Favoritism in Promotion Decisions: Theory and Field Evidence
Johannes Berger, Claus Herbertz, Dirk Sliwka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5186
Splitting Tournaments
Edwin Leuven, Hessel Oosterbeek, Bas van der Klaauw
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5022
Gender Differences and Dynamics in Competition: The Role of Luck
David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse
published in: Quantitative Economics, 2014, 5 (2), 351-376
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4852
Shutdown Contests in Multi-Plant Firms and Governmental Intervention
Matthias Kräkel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4846
Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment: Comment
Martin G. Kocher, Marc V. Lenz, Matthias Sutter
substantially extended version published as: 'Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments: New Evidence from Randomized Natural Experiments' in: Management Science, 2012, 58 (8), 1585-1591
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4812
Risk Taking Behavior in Tournaments: Evidence from the NBA
Christian Grund, Jan Höcker, Stefan Zimmermann
revised version published as 'Incidence and Consequences of Risk Taking Behavior in Tournaments - Evidence from the NBA' in: Economic Inquiry, 2013, 51 (2), 1489–1501
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4536
A Structural Analysis of Disappointment Aversion in a Real Effort Competition
David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse
published in: American Economic Review, 2012, 102 (1), 469-503
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4383
Pay for Percentile
Gadi Barlevy, Derek Neal
published in: American Economic Review, 2012, 102 (5), 1805-31
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4205
Sabotage in Tournaments: Evidence from a Laboratory Experiment
Christine Harbring, Bernd Irlenbusch
revised and extended version published in: Management Science, 2011, 57, 611 - 627
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4027
Choosing to Compete: How Different Are Girls and Boys?
Alison L. Booth, Patrick J. Nolen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2012, 81 (2), 542 - 555
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3835
Promotions and Incentives: The Case of Multi-Stage Elimination Tournaments
Steffen Altmann, Armin Falk, Matthias Wibral
revised and extended version published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2012, 30 (1), 149-174
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3730
Tournaments and Managerial Incentives in China's Listed Firms: New Evidence
Takao Kato, Cheryl Long
published in: China Economic Review, 2011, 22 (1), 1-10 (lead article)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3702
Relative Performance Pay, Bonuses, and Job-Promotion Tournaments
Matthias Kräkel, Anja Schöttner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3440
Feedback and Incentives: Experimental Evidence
Tor Eriksson, Anders Poulsen, Marie Claire Villeval
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2009, 16 (6), 679-688
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3424
Incentive Design and Trust: Comparing the Effects of Tournament and Team-Based Incentives on Trust
Robert J. Oxoby, Colette Friedrich
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