The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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184 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17842
The Landscape of Self-Employment in India: Trends, Constraints and Policy Prescriptions
Farzana Afridi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17730
(Mis)Pricing in Loans to Businesses Owned by People of Color
William D. Bradford, Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom, Michael Verchot
short version published as 'Are Loans to Minority-Owned Firms Mispriced?' in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2025, 115, 477–482
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17571
Temporal Focus and Entrepreneurial Orientation of Solo Self-Employed Workers
Jinia Mukerjee, Roy Thurik, Ingrid Verheul
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930
Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship
Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16823
Global Labor Market Power
Francesco Amodio, Emanuele Brancati, Peter Brummund, Nicolás de Roux, Michele Di Maio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16772
Nursing before and after COVID-19: Outflows, Inflows and Self-Employment
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16683
Income Taxation and Hours Worked in Different Types of Entrepreneurship
Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16314
Is Self-Employment for Migrants? Evidence from Italy
Marianna Brunetti, Anzelika Zaiceva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16271
Wage Employment, Unemployment and Self-Employment across Countries
Markus Poschke
published in: Journal of Monetary Economics. 2025, 149, 103684
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16225
Are Informal Self-Employment and Informal Employment as Employee Behaviorally Distinct Labor Force States?
Luca Flabbi, Mauricio Tejada
published in: Economics Letters, 2023, 231, 111278, October
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15926
When You Can't Afford to Wait for a Job: The Role of Time Discounting for Own-Account Workers in Developing Countries
Thiago Scarelli, David N. Margolis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15825
Human Capital and Self-Employment in India: An Empirical Analysis for Different Cohorts
Nabamita Dutta, Saibal Kar, Shaswata Ray
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15775
Piecework and Job Search in the Platform Economy
Michele Cantarella, Chiara Strozzi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608
German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed
Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel
published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15526
COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship Entry and Exit: Opportunity Amidst Adversity
Vladimir Otrachshenko, Olga Popova, Milena Nikolova, Elena Tyurina
published in: Technology in Society, 2022, 71, 102093
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15477
Labor Market Power, Self-Employment, and Development
Francesco Amodio, Pamela Medina, Monica Morlacco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15445
Were Small Businesses More Likely to Permanently Close in the Pandemic?
Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen, Reid Johnsen, Gentian Droboniku
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 60, 1613-1629
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15344
Hybrid (Solo)Self-Employment and Upskilling: Is Online Platform Work a Path Towards Entrepreneurship?
Konstantinos Pouliakas, Antonio Ranieri
published in: W. Conen and E. Reuter (eds.), Research Handbook on Self-employment and Public Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15283
Minimum Wages and the Rise in Solo Self-Employment
Angelika Ganserer, Terry Gregory, Ulrich Zierahn-Weilage
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15260
Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
Marco Caliendo, Daniel Graeber, Alexander S. Kritikos, Johannes Seebauer
published in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2023, 47(3), 788–830
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15059
Living in Rural Areas and Self-Employment
Ignacio Belloc, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14941
Too Cold to Venture There? January Temperature and Immigrant Self-Employment across the United States
Jun Yeong Lee, John V. Winters
published in: Economic Development Quarterly, 2024, 38 (4), 249-270.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14909
Being Your Own Boss and Bossing Others: The Moderating Effect of Managing Others on Work Meaning and Autonomy for the Self-Employed and Employees
Milena Nikolova, Boris Nikolaev, Christopher Boudreaux
published in: Small Business Economics. 2023, 60, 463–483
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14870
Time, Income and Subjective Well-Being - 20 Years of Interdependent Multidimensional Polarization in Germany
Joachim Merz, Bettina Scherg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14655
Does Education Enhance Entrepreneurship?
Kunwon Ahn, John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14535
Self-Employment in Rural China: Its Development, Characteristics, and Relation to Income
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Yudan Zhang
published in: China & World Economy, 2022, 30 (1), 136-165
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14491
Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent
Inés Berniell, Lucila Berniell, Dolores De la Mata, María Edo, Yarine Fawaz, Matilde P. Machado, Mariana Marchionni
published online in: Applied Economics, 9 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14449
Women at Work in the United States since 1860: An Analysis of Unreported Family Workers
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
published in: Explorations in Economic History, 2021, 82, 101406
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14363
Tax Progressivity and Self-Employment Dynamics
Wiji Arulampalam, Andrea Papini
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2023, 105 (2), 377 - 391
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14216
Testing the Differential Impact of COVID-19 on Self-Employed Women and Men in the United Kingdom
Darja Reuschke, Andrew Henley, Elizabeth Daniel, Victoria Price
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13930
Immigration Policy and the Rise of Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, Magnus Lofstrom, Chunbei Wang
published in: ILR Review, LR Review, 2022, 75 (5), 1189-1214
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13764
The Transition to Self-Employment and Perceived Skill-Mismatches: Panel Data Evidence from Eleven EU Countries
Judit Albiol Sanchez, Luis Diaz-Serrano, Mercedes Teruel
published in: Social Indicators Research, 2021, 153, 957-977
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13707
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: The First Three Months after Social-Distancing Restrictions
Robert W. Fairlie
published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2020, 29 (4), 727 - 740
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13443
Initial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Employment and Hours of Self-Employed Coupled and Single Workers by Gender and Parental Status
Charlene M. Kalenkoski, Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia
published as 'Impacts of COVID-19 on the Self-employed' in: Small Business Economics, 2022, 58, 741–768
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13415
The Agricultural Productivity Gap and Self-Employment Bias in the Labor Income Share
Saumik Paul, Liam Thomas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13311
The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Owners: Evidence of Early-Stage Losses from the April 2020 Current Population Survey
Robert W. Fairlie
published as 'The impact of COVID-19 on small business owners: Evidence from the first three months after widespread social-distancing restrictions' in: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2020, 29 (4), 727-740
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13187
The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment
Milena Nikolova, Boris Nikolaev, Olga Popova
published in: Small Business Economics, 2021, 57(4), 1819-1836
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13180
2D:4D and Self-Employment Using SOEP Data: A Replication Study
Frank M. Fossen, Levent Neyse, Magnus Johannesson, Anna Dreber Almenberg
revised version published in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2022, 46 (1), 21-43
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12943
Microentrepreneurship in Developing Countries
Seema Jayachandran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12933
Short- vs Long-Term Intergenerational Correlations of Employment and Self-Employment in Europe
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
published as 'Intergenerational correlation of self-employment in Western Europe' in: Economic Modelling, 2022, 108, 105741
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12841
Does Solo Self-Employment Serve as a 'Stepping Stone' to Employership?
Michael Leith Cowling, Mark Wooden
published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 68, 101942
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12643
Career or Flexible Work Arrangements? Gender Differences in Self-Employment in a Young Market Economy
Dominik Buttler, Eva Sierminska
published in: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 2020, 41, 70 - 95
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12624
Self-Employment and Migration
Samuele Giambra, David McKenzie
published in: World Development, 2022, 141, 105362
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12572
Learning Management through Matching: A Field Experiment Using Mechanism Design
Girum Abebe, Marcel Fafchamps, Michael Koelle, Simon Quinn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12555
September 11 and the Rise of Necessity Self-Employment among Mexican Immigrants
Chunbei Wang, Magnus Lofstrom
published in: Eastern Economic Journal, 2020, 46 (1), 5 - 33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12367
Wage Employment, Unemployment and Self-Employment across Countries
Markus Poschke
published online in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 12 September 2024, 103684
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12189
Transitioning from Solo Self-Employed to Microbusiness Employer: Local Economic Environment or Owner Characteristics?
Andrew Henley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12147
Motherhood, Migration, and Self-Employment of College Graduates
Zhengyu Cai, Heather M. Stephens, John V. Winters
published in: Small Business Economics, 2019, 53 (3), 611-629
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11857
Entry Barriers and the Labor Market Outcomes of Incumbent Workers: Evidence from a Deregulation Reform in the German Crafts Sector
Philipp Lergetporer, Jens Ruhose, Lisa Simon
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