The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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19 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17769
Social Gaps, Perceived Inequality and Protests
Olivier B. Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, David Rivera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17763
The Cost of Tolerating Intolerance: Right-Wing Protest and Hate Crimes
Sulin Sardoschau, Annalí Casanueva-Artís
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17098
It's a Bird, It's a Plane, It's Superman! Using Mass Media to Fight Intolerance
Alex Armand, Paul Atwell, Joseph Gomes, Giuseppe Musillo, Yannik Schenk
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16667
Civil Rights Protests and Election Outcomes: Exploring the Effects of the Poor People's Campaign
D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Krzysztof Karbownik, Daniel I. Rees, Camila Steffens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16538
From the Death of God to the Rise of Hitler
Sascha O. Becker, Hans-Joachim Voth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15812
Social Media and the Broadening of Social Movements: Evidence from Black Lives Matter
Annalí Casanueva Artís, Vladimir Avetian, Sulin Sardoschau, Kavya Saxena
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15697
Who Protests, What Do They Protest, and Why?
Erica Chenoweth, Barton H. Hamilton, Hedwig Lee, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Stephen Roll, Matthew V. Zahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15606
A Glimpse of Freedom: Allied Occupation and Political Resistance in East Germany
Luis R. Martinez, Jonas Jessen, Guo Xu
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (1), 68-106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15589
Is Demonstrating against the Far Right Worth It? Evidence from French Presidential Elections
Nicolas Lagios, Pierre-Guillaume Meon, Ilan Tojerow
published as 'Media, Spillovers and Social Norms: The Electoral Impact of Anti-Far-Right Protests in the 2002 French Election' in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (669), 1575–1608,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14475
The Social Value of a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Willingness to Pay Estimates from Four Western Countries
Joan Costa-Font, Caroline Rudisill, Sayward Harrison, Luca Salmasi
published in: Health Economics, 2023, 32 (8), 1818 - 1835
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13388
Black Lives Matter Protests, Social Distancing, and COVID-19
Dhaval M. Dave, Andrew I. Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Joseph J. Sabia, Samuel Safford
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12816
Studying More to Vote Less: Education and Voter Turnout in Italy
Elona Harka, Lorenzo Rocco
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2022, 72, 102115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11733
Education and Labor Market Consequences of Student Protests in Late 1970s and the Subsequent Military Coup in Turkey
Ahmet Ozturk, Semih Tumen
revised version published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 12:04
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9500
The Impact of Missionary Type on the English Language Proficiency and Earnings of Immigrants
Nicholas Larsen, Barry R. Chiswick
published as 'The impact of exposure to missionaries on the English language proficiency and earnings of immigrants in the USA' in: International Journal of Manpower, 2019, 40 (4), 574 - 590
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7976
A Tale of Minorities: Evidence on Religious Ethics and Entrepreneurship from Swiss Census Data
Luca Nunziata, Lorenzo Rocco
substantially revised version published in: Journal of Economic Growth, 2016, 21 (2), 189-224
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6114
The Implications of Cultural Background on Labour Market Choices: The Case of Religion and Entrepreneurship
Luca Nunziata, Lorenzo Rocco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5402
Protestantism and Education: Reading (the Bible) and Other Skills
Timo Boppart, Josef Falkinger, Volker Grossmann
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2014, 52 (2), 874-895
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3837
Luther and the Girls: Religious Denomination and the Female Education Gap in 19th Century Prussia
Sascha O. Becker, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2008, 110 (4), 777–805
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2886
Was Weber Wrong? A Human Capital Theory of Protestant Economic History
Sascha O. Becker, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2009, 124(2), 531-596
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