The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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967 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18250
Cisterns for Life: Climate Adaptation Policies for Water Provision and Rural Lives
Yuri Barreto, Diogo Britto, Bladimir Carrillo, Daniel Da Mata, Lucas Emanuel, Breno Sampaio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18247
Training or Retiring? How Labor Markets Adjust to Trade and Technology Shocks
Alexander Bertermann, Wolfgang Dauth, Jens Suedekum, Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18240
The Wage Effects of Restricting Temporary Foreign Workers: Evidence from Canada’s 2014 TFWP Reforms
Wen-Hao Chen, Tony Fang
published in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2025.2577780
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18239
Foreign Accents and Employer Beliefs: Experimental Evidence on Hiring Discrimination
Elisa Taveras, Ozlem Tonguc, Maria Zhu, Nicola Miller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18230
Do Women Ask for Less? Evidence from Reservation Wages in Italy
Vincenzo Scoppa, Idola Francesca Spanò
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18219
Recession and Resilience: Labor Market Consequences of Starting College in a Bad Economy
Eleanor J. Choi, Daeyoung Jeong, Chae Lee, Kyuseob Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18218
Intersecting Shocks: The Combined Labor Market Impacts of Automation and Immigration
Patrick Bennett, Julian V. Johnsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18213
Immigration, Search, and Redistribution: A Conjecture
Oded Stark, Lukasz Byra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18202
Labor Markets as Human Ecosystems: The Insider-Outsider Theory Reconsidered
Dennis J. Snower
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18169
Bridging Welfare and Work: Assessing Intensive Job Placement for Minimum Income Recipients
Yarine Fawaz, Laura Hospido, Júlia Martí Llobet
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18162
Ex Ante Heterogeneity, Separations, and Labor Market Dynamics
Cesar Barreto, Christian Merkl
published online in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 3 October 2025, 103845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18162
Ex Ante Heterogeneity, Separations, and Labor Market Dynamics
Cesar Barreto, Christian Merkl
published online in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 3 October 2025, 103845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18142
The Effects of Minimum Wage Increases on Poverty and Food Hardship
Lukas Lehner, Hannah Massenbauer, Zachary Parolin, Rafael Pintro Schmitt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18137
Making the Invisible Hand Visible: Managers and the Allocation of Workers to Jobs
Virginia Minni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18135
Beyond the Border: Labor Market Effects of U.S. Immigration Enforcement Policies in El Salvador
Christian Ambrosius, Juliana Quigua, Andrea Velasquez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18032
Reducing the Digital Divide for Marginalized Households
Guglielmo Barone, Annalisa Loviglio, Denni Tommasi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18028
Is Drug-Related Violence Fueling Emigration from Central America?
Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía, Jessica Bracco, Andres Ham Gonzalez, Leonardo Peñaloza-Pacheco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18021
Effects of the Minimum Wage on Employment of Young Adults with Cognitive Disabilities
Barry R. Chiswick, Hope Corman, Dhaval M. Dave, Nancy E. Reichman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18005
Reaching Marginalized Job Seekers Through Public Employment Services: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia
Marc J. Witte, Johanna Roth, Morgan Hardy, Christian Johannes Meyer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17965
Career, Family, and IVF: The Impact of Involuntary Childlessness and Fertility Treatment
Fabio I. Martinenghi, Maryam Naghsh Nejad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17951
Correcting Beliefs About Job Opportunities and Wages: A Field Experiment on Education Choices
Bart K. de Koning, Didier Fouarge, Robert Dur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17944
Racial Representation among Academics and Students’ Academic and Labor Market Outcomes
Angus J. Holford, Sonkurt Sen
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 96, 102745
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17938
The Effects of Exposure to a Large-Scale Recession on Higher Education and Early Labor Market Outcomes
Eleanor J. Choi, Jisoo Hwang, Hyelim Son
forthcoming in: Journal of Human Resources
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17928
Is the Gig Economy a Stepping Stone for Refugees? Evidence from Administrative Data
Felix Degenhardt, Jan Sebastian Nimczik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17921
The Managerial Labor Market and Gender Gaps in Beliefs About Own Ability
Tor Eriksson, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17901
From Ethnic Prejudice to Employment Discrimination: The Role of Small Firms as Mediators
Gabor Kertesi, János Köllő, Róbert Károlyi, Lajos Tamás Szabó
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17896
Multidimensional Skills on LinkedIn Profiles: Measuring Human Capital and the Gender Skill Gap
David Dorn, Florian Schoner, Moritz Seebacher, Lisa Simon, Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17881
Do Financial Incentives for Training and Caseworker Meetings Enhance Re-Employment?
Tomi Kyyrä, Jouko Kullervo Verho
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17881
Do Financial Incentives for Training and Caseworker Meetings Enhance Re-Employment?
Tomi Kyyrä, Jouko Kullervo Verho
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17862
The German labor market after the long boom: What’s next?
Werner Eichhorst, Paul Marx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17862
The German labor market after the long boom: What’s next?
Werner Eichhorst, Paul Marx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17859
Fast-Tracked Jobs Help Asylum Seekers Integrate Faster
Giovanni Abbiati, Erich Battistin, Paola Monti, Paolo Pinotti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17857
Protection for Whom? The Political Economy of Protective Labor Laws for Women
Matthias Doepke, Hanno Foerster, Anne Hannusch, Michèle Tertilt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17852
Informal Labor Exchange Teams and Participation in the Labor Market: Evidence from Rural Tanzania
Christian Arciniegas, Christelle Dumas, Matthias Fahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17820
Exposure to Regulation and Income Inequality in Local Labor Markets: Evidence from the U.S. over the Past Half-Century
Andrey Stoyanov, Nick Zubanov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17799
Treasure Islands, Real Jobs? Workers and Anti-Avoidance Policies in a Tax Paradise
Sónia Cabral, Joana Garcia, Raquel Miranda, Susana Peralta, João Pereira dos Santos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17791
Does Performance Pay Deter Job Quits?
Benjamin Artz, John S. Heywood
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17789
Beyond Hot Flashes: The Career Cost of Menopause
Sara Abrahamsson, Mara Barschkett, Martin Flatø
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17771
Health and Labor Market Consequences of Low-Value Care: The Role of Practice Style
Mattia Albertini, Pieter Bakx, Fabrizio Mazzonna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17755
The Learning Crisis in the United States Three Years After COVID-19
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Maciej Jakubowski, Tomasz Gajderowicz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17746
Artificial Intelligence and Labor Market Transformations in Latin America
Pablo Egana-delSol, Claudio Bravo-Ortega
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17745
Labor Market Concentration in Germany
Michael Oberfichtner, Martin Popp
published online in: German Economic Review, 8 April 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17719
Employer-to-Employer Mobility and Wages in Europe and the United States
Daniel Borowczyk-Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17673
Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap
Yoko Okuyama, Takeshi Murooka, Shintaro Yamaguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17667
Using Machine Learning to Understand the Heterogeneous Earnings Effects of Exports
Johanna Muffert, Erwin Winkler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17590
Exchange Rates and Economic Growth During the Global Business Cycle: The Role of Labor Market Institutions
Vytautas Kuokštis, Muhammad Asali, Simonas Algirdas Spurga
(this project received funding from the Research Council of Lithuania, agreement No S-MIP-22-20)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17575
A 22 Percent Increase in the German Minimum Wage: Nothing Crazy!
Mario Bossler, Lars Chittka, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17550
The Learning Crisis: Three Years After COVID-19
Tomasz Gajderowicz, Maciej Jakubowski, Alec Kennedy, Christian Christrup, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Rolf Strietholt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17541
Coworker Networks from Student Jobs: A Flying Start at Labor Market Entry?
Gökay Demir, Friederike Hertweck, Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17536
How Regulations Impact the Labor Market: A Review of the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations
David Alzate, Eliana Carranza, Joana Duran-Franch, Truman Packard, Celina Proffen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17518
Do More Tourists Promote Local Employment?
Libertad González, Tetyana Surovtseva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17510
Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages
Gökay Demir
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion
Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion
Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17473
Subsidized Small Jobs and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run
Matthias Collischon, Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Regina T. Riphahn
published online in: Socio-Economic Review, 28 February 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17470
Investigating the Impact of Integration Agreements on Labor Market Outcomes for Welfare Recipients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gerard J. van den Berg, Sarah Bernhard, Gesine Stephan, Arne Uhlendorff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17464
Resource Windfalls, Public Expenditures and Local Economies
Antonella Bancalari, Juan Pablo Rud
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17449
Optimal Compensation in Competitive Labor Markets with Heterogeneous Employers and Workers
Samuel Häfner, Niklas Haeusle, Winfried Koeniger, Alexander Braun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447
Scarce Workers, High Wages?
Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17440
Compensation Peer Group Effects: Evidence from NFL Professional Football
Quinn Keefer, Thomas J. Kniesner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17423
Crime and the Labor Market
Randi Hjalmarsson, Stephen Machin, Paolo Pinotti
published in: Christian Dustmann and Thomas Lemieux (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, 2024, 5, 679-759
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17421
Short-Time Work Extensions
Christina Brinkmann, Simon Jäger, Moritz Kuhn, Farzad Saidi, Stefanie Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17395
Skills and Earnings: A Multidimensional Perspective on Human Capital
Ludger Woessmann
published in: Annual Review of Economics, 2025, 17, 397-425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17382
The Labor Market Attainment of Immigrants in the Antebellum United States
Barry R. Chiswick, RaeAnn Halenda Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17374
Does Weaker Employment Protection Lower the Cost of Job Loss?
Marco Francesconi, Daniela Sonedda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17359
Affordable Housing and Individual Labor Market Outcomes
Wolfgang Dauth, Andreas Mense, Matthias Wrede
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17357
Minimum Wages in Concentrated Labor Markets
Martin Popp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17323
Monopsony Power and Poverty: The Consequences of Walmart Supercenter Openings
Lukas Lehner, Zachary Parolin, Clemente Pignatti, Rafael Pintro Schmitt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17313
The Returns to Education over Time and the Effect of COVID-19
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17304
Internal Promotion or External Hire? Staffing Management Positions When Employees Have a Seat in the Boardroom
Aleksandra Gregoric, Takao Kato, Casper B.L. Larsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17254
The Impact of Labor Intermediation and Training in High Informality Contexts. Evidence from Paraguay.
Nicolás Campos, Miguel Chalup, Oscar A. Mitnik, Manuel Urquidi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17226
Competition in the Labor Market: The Wage Effect of Employer Concentration in China
Jianan Liu, Hongbo Cai, Carl Lin
published in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2025, 64 (3), 343–379
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17219
Closing the Gender Gap: Promoting Labour Market Participation
Jorgen M. Harris, Eleonora Patacchini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17196
The Effect of Export Market Access on Labor Market Power: Firm-Level Evidence from Vietnam
Trang Hoang, Devashish Mitra, Hoang Pham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17182
Work Meaningfulness and Effort
Femke Cnossen, Milena Nikolova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17148
Earnings Assimilation of Post-reunification East German Migrants in West Germany
Regina T. Riphahn, Irakli Sauer
published in: Labour, 2024, 38 (4), 475-510
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17126
The Labor Market Effects of Drug-Related Violence in a Transit Country
Andres Ham Gonzalez, Juanita Ruiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17124
The Wage of Temporary Agency Workers
Antonin Bergeaud, Pierre Cahuc, Clément Malgouyres, Sara Signorelli, Thomas Zuber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17118
Female Employment and Structural Transformation
Moritz Kuhn, Iourii Manovskii, Xincheng Qiu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17103
Gender Gaps across the Spectrum of Development: Local Talent and Firm Productivity
Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Virginia Minni, Víctor Quintas-Martínez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17058
Unemployment, Segregation, and the Structure of Cities
Daniel F. Heuermann, Philipp Vom Berge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17016
The Economics of Gender-Specific Minimum Wage Legislation
Riccardo Marchingiglio, Mikhail Poyker
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17003
The Role of Technological Change in the Evolution of the Employment to Output Elasticity
Pablo Egana-delSol, Alejandro Micco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16993
Soft Skills, Competition, and Hiring Discrimination
Christian Valencia, Sarah Janzen, Yashodhan Ghorpade, Amanina Abdur Rahman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16986
Stable Matching on the Job? Theory and Evidence on Internal Talent Markets
Bo Cowgill, Jonathan Davis, B. Pablo Montagnes, Patryk Perkowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16973
The Economic Consequences of Being Widowed by War: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Sebastian Till Braun, Jan Stuhler
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 16973
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16968
DACA, Mobility Investments, and Economic Outcomes of Immigrants and Natives
Jimena Villanueva Kiser, Riley Wilson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16929
International Immigration and Labor Regulation
Adam Levai, Riccardo Turati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16928
Disparate Pathways: Understanding Racial Disparities in Teaching
David Blazar, Max Anthenelli, Wenjing Gao, Ramon Goings, Seth Gershenson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16878
Life-Cycle Worker Flows and Cross-Country Differences in Aggregate Employment
Jonathan Créchet, Etienne Lalé, Linas Tarasonis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16855
Working from Home Increases Work-Home Distances
Sena Coskun, Wolfgang Dauth, Hermann Gartner, Michael Stops, Enzo Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16845
Do Recruiters Penalize Men Who Prefer Low Hours? Evidence from Online Labor Market Data
Daniel Kopp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16840
Competitive Job Seekers: When Sharing Less Leaves Firms at a Loss
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Erin Kelley, Gregory Lane
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16837
Labor Demand on a Tight Leash
Mario Bossler, Martin Popp
revised version forthcoming in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16835
Regulating Manufacturing FDI: Local Labor Market Responses to a Protectionist Policy in Indonesia
Esther Gehrke, Robert Genthner, Krisztina Kis-Katos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16828
Refugees' Economic Integration and Firms
Matthew A. Cole, Liza Jabbour, Ceren Ozgen, Hiromi Yumoto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16823
Global Labor Market Power
Francesco Amodio, Emanuele Brancati, Peter Brummund, Nicolás de Roux, Michele Di Maio
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