The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,041 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6550
Human Capital, Economic Growth, and Inequality in China
James J. Heckman, Junjian Yi
published in: S. Fan, R. Kanbur, S. Wei, and X. Zhang (eds)., The Oxford Companion to the Economics of China on Human Capital, Oxford: OUP, 2014
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6505
The Impact of Redistributive Policies on Inequality in OECD Countries
Philipp Doerrenberg, Andreas Peichl
revised version published in: Applied Economics, 2014, 46 (17), 2066-2086
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6494
The Equality Multiplier: How Wage Setting and Welfare Spending Make Similar Countries Diverge
Erling Barth, Karl Ove Moene
published as 'Quality Multiplier: How Wage Compression and Welfare Empowerment Interact' in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2016,14 (5), 1011-1037
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6493
Taxing Home Ownership: Distributional Effects of Including Net Imputed Rent in Taxable Income
Francesco Figari, Alari Paulus, Holly Sutherland, Panos Tsakloglou, Gerlinde Verbist, Francesca Zantomio
revised version published as 'Removing Homeownership Bias in Taxation: the Distributional Effects of Including Net Imputed Rent in Taxable Income' in: Fiscal Studies, 2017, 38 (4), 525 - 557
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6492
Changes in China's Wage Structure
Suqin Ge, Dennis T. Yang
published in: Journal of European Economic Association, 2014, 12 (2), 300-336
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6487
"I Wish I Had 100 Dollars a Month …" - The Intergenerational Transfer of Poverty in Mongolia
Francesco Pastore
substantially revised version published as 'I wish I had 100 dollars a month…: The Determinants of Poverty in Mongolia' in: European Journal of Development Research, 2016, 28 (5), 934-956
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6473
A Theory of Political Entrenchment
Gilles Saint-Paul, Davide Ticchi, Andrea Vindigni
Economic Journal, 2016, 126, 1238-1263
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6449
The Regional Distribution of Public Employment: Theory and Evidence
Sebastian G. Kessing, Chiara Strozzi
revised and updated version published in: Regional Studies, 2017, 51 (7), 1100-1114
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6417
Social Identity and Inequality: The Impact of China's Hukou System
Farzana Afridi, Sherry Xin Li, Yufei Ren
published in Journal of Public Economics,Vol. 123, March 2015: 17-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6340
Fading Hope in the US
Jo Ritzen, Klaus F. Zimmermann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6329
Social Divisions in School Participation and Attainment in India: 1983-2004
Niaz Asadullah, Uma Kambhampati, Florencia López Bóo
published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2014, 38(4), 869-893
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6328
Inequality, Human Capital Formation and the Process of Development
Oded Galor
published in: Handbook of Economics of Education, North Holland. 2014.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6258
The Labor Market Effects of Immigration and Emigration in OECD Countries
Frédéric Docquier, Caglar Ozden, Giovanni Peri
published in: Economic Journal, 2014, 124 (579), 1106-1145
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6246
Wage Mobility in East and West Germany
Regina T. Riphahn, Daniel D. Schnitzlein
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 39 , 11-34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6244
Educational Upgrading and Returns to Skills in Latin America: Evidence from a Supply-Demand Framework, 1990-2010
Leonardo Gasparini, Sebastian Galiani, Guillermo Cruces, Pablo A. Acosta
published in: Latin American Economic Review, 2019, 28 (18).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6202
Intergenerational Persistence in Income and Social Class: The Impact of Within-Group Inequality
Jo Blanden, Paul Gregg, Lindsey Macmillan
published in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (Statistics in Society), 2013, 176 (2), 541–563
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6192
The Evolution of the Racial Gap in Education and the Legacy of Slavery
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico
revised version published as 'The Racial Gap in Education and the Legacy of Slavery' in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2012, 40, 581-595
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6184
Changes in Job Structure and Rising Wage Inequality in Urban China, 1995-2007
Chunbing Xing
published in: Frontiers of Economics in China, 2012, 7 (2), 305-337
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6182
Decomposing the Sources of Earnings Inequality: Assessing the Role of Reallocation
Fredrik W. Andersson, Elizabeth E. Davis, Matthew L. Freedman, Julia Lane, Brian P. McCall, L. Kristin Sandusky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6173
How Does Education Affect the Earnings Distribution in Urban China?
Le Wang
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2013, 75 (3), 435-454
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6161
The Measurement of Educational Inequality: Achievement and Opportunity
Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Jérémie Gignoux
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2014, 28(2), 210-246
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6161
The Measurement of Educational Inequality: Achievement and Opportunity
Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Jérémie Gignoux
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2014, 28(2), 210-246
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6125
Decomposing Changes in Income Risk Using Consumption Data
Richard Blundell, Hamish Low, Ian Preston
published in: Quantitative Economics, 2013, 4 (1), 1–37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6082
Publishing Trends in Economics across Colleges and Universities, 1991-2007
Anne E. Winkler, Sharon Levin, Paula Stephan, Wolfgang Glänzel
published in: Eastern Economic Journal, 2014, 40, 560–582
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6030
Redistribution Policy and Inequality Reduction in OECD Countries: What Has Changed in Two Decades?
Herwig Immervoll, Linda Richardson
also available as OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Paper
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6020
Lifetime Earnings Inequality in Germany
Timm Bönke, Giacomo Corneo, Holger Lüthen
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2015, 33 (1), 171-208
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6017
Race v. Suffrage: The Determinants of Development in Mississippi
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico
revised version published as 'De Jure and De Facto Determinants of Power: Evidence from Mississippi' in: Constitutional Political Economy, 2017, 28, 321-345
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6010
Does Institutional Diversity Account for Pay Rules in Germany and Belgium?
Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published in: Socio-Economic Review, 2013, 11 (1), 131-157
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5981
Rising Wage Inequality and Postgraduate Education
Joanne Lindley, Stephen Machin
published as 'The Rising Postgraduate Wage Premium' in: Economica, 2016, 83, 281-306
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5934
Social Interactions in the Labor Market
Andrew Grodner, Thomas J. Kniesner, John A. Bishop
published in: Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics, 2010, 6 (4), 265-366
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5926
Multidimensional Affluence: Theory and Applications to Germany and the US
Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel
revised version published in: Applied Economics, 2013, 45 (32), 4591-4601
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5914
Intergenerational Wealth Mobility in Rural Bangladesh
Niaz Asadullah
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2012, 48(9), 1193-1208
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5910
Tax Policy and Income Inequality in the U.S., 1978-2009: A Decomposition Approach
Olivier B. Bargain, Mathias Dolls, Herwig Immervoll, Dirk Neumann, Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel, Sebastian Siegloch
elements published in "Connecting People with Jobs: Australia", https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264269637-en
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5909
Income Inequality, Mobility, and the Welfare State: A Political Economy Model
Luca Bossi, Gulcin Gumus
revised version published in: Macroeconomic Dynamics, 2013, 17 (6), 1198-1226
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5880
Evolution of the Industrial Wage Structure in China Since 1980
Ohyun Kwon, Belton M. Fleisher, Deng Quheng
substantially revised version published in: Pacific Economic Review, 2015, 20(1), 17–44 (co-authored by Simon Chang)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5834
Lower and Upper Bounds of Unfair Inequality: Theory and Evidence for Germany and the US
Judith Niehues, Andreas Peichl
revised version published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2014, 43 (1), 73-99
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5796
Inequality and Employment Sensitivities to the Falling Labour Share
Marika Karanassou, Hector Sala
published in: Economic and Social Review, 2012, 43 (3), 343-376
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5757
Mobility, Taxation and Welfare
Sami Bibi, Jean-Yves Duclos, Abdelkrim Araar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5734
A Note on Inequality Aversion Across Countries, Using Two New Measures
Diane J. Macunovich
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5720
Cardiovascular Consequences of Unfair Pay
Armin Falk, Ingo Menrath, Pablo Emilio Verde, Johannes Siegrist
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5717
The Welfare Impact of Price Changes on Household Welfare and Inequality 1999-2010
Jason Loughrey, Cathal O'Donoghue
published in: Economic and Social Review, 2012, 43 (1), 31-66
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5713
Rising Food Prices and Household Welfare: Evidence from Brazil in 2008
Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Anna Fruttero, Phillippe Leite, Leonardo Lucchetti
published in: Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2013, 64 (1), 151-176
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5651
A Call for Comparative Research: Consequences of a Rising Income Inequality for State Activities
Renate Neubäumer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5646
Parental Education, Grade Attainment and Earnings Expectations among University Students
Liam Delaney, Colm P. Harmon, Cathy Redmond
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2011, 30 (6), 1136-1152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5573
Inequality Perceptions, Distributional Norms, and Redistributive Preferences in East and West Germany
Andreas Kuhn
revised and shortened version published in: German Economic Review, 2013, 14(4), 483-499
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5569
Racial Differences in Inequality Aversion: Evidence from Real World Respondents in the Ultimatum Game
John Griffin, David Nickerson, Abigail Wozniak
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2012,. 84(2), 600-617.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5542
Occupational Tasks and Changes in the Wage Structure
Sergio Firpo, Nicole M. Fortin, Thomas Lemieux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5531
Unobserved Heterogeneity and Risk in Wage Variance: Does Schooling Provide Earnings Insurance?
Jacopo Mazza, Hans van Ophem, Joop Hartog
published as 'Unobserved heterogeneity and risk in wage variance: Does more schooling reduce earnings risk?' in: Labour Economics, 2013, 24, 323 - 338
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5514
Inequality, Inequity Aversion, and the Provision of Public Goods
Felix Kölle, Dirk Sliwka, Nannan Zhou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5505
Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market
Morris M. Kleiner, Alan B. Krueger
published in: Labor Economics, 2013, 31 (S1, Part 2), S173–S202
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5495
The American Family in Black and White: A Post-Racial Strategy for Improving Skills to Promote Equality
James J. Heckman
published in: Daedalus, 2011, 140 (2): 70-89
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5486
The Shape of the Income Distribution and Economic Growth: Evidence from Swedish Labor Market Regions
Dan-Olof Rooth, Anders Stenberg
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2012, 59 (2), 196-223
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5470
Task-Biased Changes of Employment and Remuneration: The Case of Occupations
Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published as 'The Dynamics of Task-biased Technological Change: The Case of Occupations' in: Brussels Economic Review, 2013, 56 (2)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5466
Equality of Opportunity and the Distribution of Long-Run Income in Sweden
Anders Björklund, Markus Jäntti, John E. Roemer
revised version published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2012, 39, 675-696
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5444
Wage Inequality of U.S. Truck Drivers
Kristen Monaco, Steffen Habermalz
published in: Labour, 2011, 25 (2), 268–285
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5417
Wage Inequality and Returns to Education in Turkey: A Quantile Regression Analysis
Aysit Tansel, Fatma Bircan
published in: Review of Economic Development, 2012, 16 (1), 107-121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5391
Hierarchical Organization and Inequality in an Economy with an Implicit Market for Productive Time
Bertrand Candelon, Arnaud Dupuy
revised version published as 'Hierarchical Organization and Performance Inequality: Evidence from Professional Cycling' in: International Economic Review, 2015, 56 (4), 1207-1236
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5383
Why Are Household Incomes More Unequally Distributed in China than in Russia?
Björn Anders Gustafsson, Shi Li, Ludmila Nivorozhkina
published in: Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2011, 35 (5), 897-920
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5375
Equality of Opportunity and Redistribution in Europe
Lina Dunnzlaff, Dirk Neumann, Judith Niehues, Andreas Peichl
revised version published in: Inequality of Opportunity: Theory and Measurement (Research on Economic Inequality, 19), Bingley, 2011, 99-129
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5371
Intergenerational Persistence in Health in Developing Countries: The Penalty of Gender Inequality?
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Samantha Rawlings
Journal of Public Economics, 2011, 95 (3-4), 286-299
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5363
Poverty and Survival
Sonia R. Bhalotra
published in: Journal of Development Studies, 2012, 48 (2), 145-167
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5329
Slavery, Education, and Inequality
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2014, 70, 197-209
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5295
Trends in Quality-Adjusted Skill Premia in the United States, 1960-2000
Pedro Carneiro, Sokbae Lee
published in: American Economic Review, 2011, 110 (6), 2309-2349
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5278
Employment, Inequality and the UK National Minimum Wage over the Medium-Term
Peter Dolton, Chiara Rosazza-Bondibene, Jonathan Wadsworth
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2012, 74 (1), 78-106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5242
The British Household Panel Survey and its Income Data
Stephen P. Jenkins
published as: Chapter 4 , in: S.P. Jenkins: Changing Fortunes: Income Mobility and Poverty Dynamics in Britain, Oxford University Press, 2011
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5226
Back to the Future: Decomposition Analysis of Distributive Policies Using Behavioural Simulations
Olivier B. Bargain
published in: International Tax and Public Finance, 2012, 19 (5), 708-731
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5178
Social Spending Generosity and Income Inequality: A Dynamic Panel Approach
Judith Niehues
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5062
Understanding Rising Income Inequality in Germany
Martin Biewen, Andos Juhasz
revised version published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2012, 58 (4), 622-647
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5046
GDP and the Value of Family Caretaking: How Much Does Europe Care?
Gianna Claudia Giannelli, Lucia Mangiavacchi, Luca Piccoli
published in: Applied Economics, 2012, 44 (16), 2111 - 2131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5025
Fair and Unfair Income Inequalities in Europe
Daniele Checchi, Vito Peragine, Laura Serlenga
revised version published as “Inequality of Opportunity in Europe: is there a role for institutions ?” in Inequality: Causes and Consequences - Research in Labor Economics, Volume 43/2015, pp.1-44
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5025
Fair and Unfair Income Inequalities in Europe
Daniele Checchi, Vito Peragine, Laura Serlenga
revised version published as “Inequality of Opportunity in Europe: is there a role for institutions ?” in Inequality: Causes and Consequences - Research in Labor Economics, Volume 43/2015, pp.1-44
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5014
Earnings Dynamics and Inequality among Men in Luxembourg, 1988-2004: Evidence from Administrative Data
Denisa Maria Sologon, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5011
The Effect of Product Demand on Inequality: Evidence from the US and the UK
Marco Leonardi
published: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2015, 7, 221-147.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5003
Residual Wage Inequality in Urban China, 1995-2007
Chunbing Xing
published in: China Economic Review, 2012, 23 (2), 205-222
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4990
Violent Conflict and Inequality
Cagatay Bircan, Tilman Brück, Marc Vothknecht
published in: Oxford Development Studies, 2017, 45(2), 125-44.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4987
Inequality in Vietnamese Urban-Rural Living Standards, 1993-2006
Huong Thu Le, Alison L. Booth
revised version published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2014, 60 (4), 862–886
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4952
Identification of the Covariance Structure of Earnings Using the GMM Estimator
Aedin Doris, Donal O'Neill, Olive Sweetman
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2013, 11 (3), 343-372
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4949
The Minimum Wage in a Deflationary Economy: The Japanese Experience, 1994-2003
Ryo Kambayashi, Daiji Kawaguchi, Ken Yamada
published in: Labour Economics, 2013, 24, 264-276
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4937
The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Anglo-Saxon Countries over the Twentieth Century
Tony Atkinson, Andrew Leigh
published as 'The Distribution of Top Incomes in Five Anglo-Saxon Countries Over the Long Run' in: Economic Record, 2013, 89 (51), 31 - 74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4929
Labor Market and Income Effects of a Legal Minimum Wage in Germany
Kai-Uwe Müller, Viktor Steiner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4922
The Development of Multidimensional Poverty in Germany 1985-2007
Christopher Busch, Andreas Peichl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4920
Do Rising Top Incomes Lift All Boats?
Dan Andrews, Christopher Jencks, Andrew Leigh
published in: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy: Contributions to Economic Analysis and Policy, 2011, 11, article 6
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4919
Economic Reform, Education Expansion, and Earnings Inequality for Urban Males in China, 1988-2007
Xin Meng, Kailing Shen, Sen Xue
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2013, 41 (1), 227–244
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4917
Automatic Stabilizers, Economic Crisis and Income Distribution in Europe
Mathias Dolls, Clemens Fuest, Andreas Peichl
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2011, 32, 227-256
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4877
Migration and Urban Poverty and Inequality in China
Albert Park, Dewen Wang
published in: China Economic Journal, 2010, 3 (1), 40 - 67
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4872
Explaining Rising Returns to Education in Urban China in the 1990s
Xuejun Liu, Albert Park, Yaohui Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4842
Polarization and Rising Wage Inequality: Comparing the U.S. and Germany
Dirk Antonczyk, Thomas DeLeire, Bernd Fitzenberger
published in: Econometrics, 2018, 6 (2), 1-33
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4841
Identification and Estimation of Distributional Impacts of Interventions Using Changes in Inequality Measures
Sergio Firpo
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2016, 31(3), 457-486
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4833
Public Education for the Children Left Behind
Carmen Camacho, I-Ling Shen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4791
Increasing Income Inequality: Productivity, Bargaining and Skill-Upgrading
Anders Frederiksen, Odile Poulsen
published as 'Income Inequality: The Consequences of Skill-Upgrading - When Firms Have Hierarchical Organizational Structures' in Economic Inquiry, 2016, 54 (2), 1224-1239
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4787
Revisiting the Income-Health Nexus: The Importance of Choosing the
Nicolas R. Ziebarth, Joachim R. Frick
revised version published as 'Welfare-Related Health Inequality: Does the Choice of Measure Matter?' in: European Journal of Health Economics, 2013, 14 (3), 431-442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4769
Robust Inequality Comparisons
Rolf Aaberge, Magne Mogstad
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2011, 9 (3), 353-371
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4769
Robust Inequality Comparisons
Rolf Aaberge, Magne Mogstad
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2011, 9 (3), 353-371
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4727
Well-being Inequality and Reference Groups: An Agenda for New Research
Bernard M. S. van Praag
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2011, 9 (1), 111-127
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4722
Wage Inequality, Linkages and FDI
Nigel Driffield, Sourafel Girma, Michael Henry, Karl Taylor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4714
Measuring Long-Term Inequality of Opportunity
Rolf Aaberge, Magne Mogstad, Vito Peragine
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2011, 95 (3-4), 193-204
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4703
Inequality Aversion and Risk Attitudes
Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Xavier Ramos
substantially revised version published as "Distaste for Inequality? The Role of Risk Aversion" in: M. Rojas (ed.), The Economics of Happiness, Springer, 2019.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4699
On the Measurement of Long-Term Income Inequality and Income Mobility
Rolf Aaberge, Magne Mogstad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4680
Policies to Create and Destroy Human Capital in Europe
James J. Heckman, Bas Jacobs
published in: Hans-Werner Sinn and Edmund Phelps (eds.), Perspectives on the Performance of the Continental Economies, MIT Press, 2011, 253-322
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4648
Modelling the Effects of Immigration on Regional Economic Performance and the Wage Distribution: A CGE Analysis of Three EU Regions
Konstantinos Pouliakas, Deborah Roberts, Eudokia Balamou, Demetrios Psaltopoulos
published in: Regional Studies, 2014, 48(2), 318-338
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