The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,041 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16663
Non-Wage Job Values and Implications for Inequality
Tobias Lehmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16629
Health Inequality and Health Insurance Coverage: The United States and China Compared
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell, Xuezhu Shi
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024, 52, 101346
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16622
Life-Cycle Effects of Comprehensive Sex Education
Volha Lazuka, Annika Elwert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16600
Minimum Wages and Changing Wage Inequality in India
Saloni Khurana, Kanika Mahajan, Kunal Sen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16582
When Fairness Matters: Cross-Race Responses to Intentionally Fair Treatment
Matthew Harvey, David Nickerson, Abigail Wozniak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16570
Does Global Warming Worsen Poverty and Inequality? An Updated Review
Hai-Anh H Dang, Stephane Hallegatte, Trong-Anh Trinh
published in: Journal of Economic Surveys, 2024, 38 (5), 1873-1905
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16567
Intergenerational Health Mobility in Germany
Daniel Graeber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16566
Export and Labor Market Outcomes: A Supply Chain Perspective - Evidence from Vietnam
Deeksha Kokas, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Ha Vu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16559
The Return to College, Marriage, and Intergenerational Mobility
Eric D. Gould
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16557
Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?
Mette Gørtz, Sarah Sander, Almudena Sevilla
published as 'Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice?' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 172, 104942
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16535
The Fundamental Properties, Stability and Predictive Power of Distributional Preferences
Ernst Fehr, Thomas Epper, Julien Senn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16533
Local Labor Markets with Non-homothetic Preferences
Gabriele Cardullo, Agnese Sechi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16529
Labor Market Power and Development
Tristany Armangué-Jubert, Nezih Guner, Alessandro Ruggieri
published in: American Economic Review: Insights, 2025, 7 (2), 177–195
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16520
On the Origins of Socio-Economic Inequalities: Evidence from Twin Families
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari, Konstantinos Tatsiramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16513
Marital Sorting, Household Inequality and Selection
Iván Fernández-Val, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16510
The Role of Global Value Chains for Worker Tasks and Wage Inequality
Piotr Lewandowski, Karol Madoń, Deborah Winkler
published in: World Economy, 2024, 47, 4389–4435
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16504
Transmissible Diseases, Vaccination and Inequality
Carmen Camacho, Chrysovalantis Vasilakis
published in: Journal of Public Economic Theory, 2024, 26 (6), e70002
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16499
Automation and Income Inequality in Europe
Karina Doorley, Jan Gromadzki, Piotr Lewandowski, Dora Tuda, Philippe Van Kerm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16499
Automation and Income Inequality in Europe
Karina Doorley, Jan Gromadzki, Piotr Lewandowski, Dora Tuda, Philippe Van Kerm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16488
Inequality of Opportunity in Wealth: Levels, Trends, and Drivers
Daniel Graeber, Viola Hilbert, Johannes König
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16488
Inequality of Opportunity in Wealth: Levels, Trends, and Drivers
Daniel Graeber, Viola Hilbert, Johannes König
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16486
Alberto Alesina (1957-2020): Man, Researcher, Professor of Economics, Popularizer
Andrea Vindigni
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16473
Local Labor Markets Dynamics and Export Shocks: Theory and Evidence from Indonesia
Carlos Góes, Juan Segnana, Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16465
Economic Mobility and Fairness in a Developing Country: Evidence from Peru
Juan Francisco Castro, Gustavo Yamada, Santiago Medina, Joaquin Armas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16447
Childhood Health Shocks and the Intergenerational Transmission of Inequality
Tine Louise Mundbjerg Eriksen, Amanda Gaulke, Jannet Svensson, Niels Skipper, Peter Rønø Thingholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16432
Taxation and Migration by the Super-Rich
Arun Advani, David Burgherr, Andy Summers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16422
Is There a 'New Consensus' on Inequality?
Francisco H. G. Ferreira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16412
The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings
Robert W. Fairlie
published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43 (1), 258 - 288
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16409
The Gender Pay Gap: Micro Sources and Macro Consequences
Iacopo Morchio, Christian Moser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16363
Globalization and Inequality in Latin America
Rafael Dix-Carneiro, Brian K. Kovak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16300
The Education-Health Gradient: Revisiting the Role of Socio-Emotional Skills
Mette Gørtz, Miriam Gensowski
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 97, 102911
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16273
Careers and Intergenerational Income Mobility
Catherine Haeck, Jean-William Laliberté
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2025, 17 (1), 431–458
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16264
Covid-19 and Income Inequality in OECD Countries: A Methodological Comment
Oded Stark
published in: European Journal of Health Economics, 2023, 24, 1235–1237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16244
Where Are the Fathers? The Effects of Earmarking Parental Leave on Fathers in France
Hélène Périvier, Gregory Verdugo
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2024, 77 (1), 88-118
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16232
Learning during the Pandemic: Evidence from Uzbekistan
Syedah Aroob Iqbal, Harry Anthony Patrinos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16226
Household and Individual Economic Responses to Different Health Shocks: The Role of Medical Innovations
Volha Lazuka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16222
Selective Migration and Economic Development: A Generalized Approach
Narcisse Cha’Ngom, Christoph Deuster, Frédéric Docquier, Joël Machado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16210
Roots of Inequality
Oded Galor, Marc Klemp, Daniel Crisóstomo Wainstock
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16200
Social Preferences: Fundamental Characteristics and Economic Consequences
Ernst Fehr, Gary Charness
(this version: March 2024) published in: Journal of Economic Literature, Journal of Economic Literature, 2025, 63 (2), 440–514
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16197
Playing the System: Address Manipulation and Access to Schools
Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen, Lykke Sterll Christensen, Mikkel Høst Gandil, Hans Henrik Sievertsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16152
Like Mother, like Child? The Rise of Women's Intergenerational Income Persistence in Sweden and the United States
Gunnar Brandén, Martin Nybom, Kelly Vosters
forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16138
The Gender Reference Point Gap
Nathan Kettlewell, Jonathan Levy, Agnieszka Tymula, Xueting Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16130
On a Tendency in Health Economics to Dwell on Income Inequality and Underestimate Social Stress
Oded Stark
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2023, 49, 101232
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16121
A Theory of Non-Coasean Labor Markets
Andrés Blanco, Andres Drenik, Christian Moser, Emilio Zaratiegui
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16114
Socioeconomic Inequality in Low-Carbon Technology Adoption
Andrew Burlinson, Apostolos Davillas, Monica Giulietti
revised version published in: Energy Economics, 2025, 143, 108244
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16107
Minimum Wage and Tolerance for High Incomes
Andrea Fazio, Tommaso G. Reggiani
published in: European Economic Review, 2023, 155, 104445
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16082
Discrimination on the Child Care Market: A Nationwide Field Experiment
Henning Hermes, Fabian Mierisch, Frauke Peter, Simon Wiederhold, Philipp Lergetporer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16076
Correcting Racial Injustice: Forensic DNA Technology and the Exoneration of the Wrongfully Convicted
Rocco d'Este, Noam Yuchtman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16070
Technological Change, Firm Heterogeneity and Wage Inequality
Matias Cortes, Adrian Lerche, Uta Schönberg, Jeanne Tschopp
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16045
What If She Earns More? Gender Norms, Income Inequality, and the Division of Housework
Iga Magda, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska, Marta Palczyńska
published in: Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 2024, 45, 1–20
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16008
A Lost Generation? Impact of COVID-19 on High School Students' Achievements
Dalit Contini, Maria Laura Di Tommaso, Caterina Muratori, Daniela Piazzalunga, Lucia Schiavon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15944
The Impact of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Student Performance: Evidence from the Dual-Teacher Program
Haizheng Li, Zhiqiang Liu, Fanzheng Yang, Li Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15922
Understanding the Distributional Impacts of Increases in Fuel Prices on Poverty and Inequality in Paraguay
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Lyliana Gayoso de Ervin, Juan José Galeano, Juan Pablo Baquero
published in: Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico, 2023, 21 (39), 77 - 108
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15916
Rapid Economic Growth but Rising Poverty Segregation: Will Vietnam Meet the SDGs for Equitable Development?
Hai-Anh H Dang, Shatakshee Dhongde, Minh N.N. Do, Cuong Viet Nguyen, Obert Pimhidzai
published online in: Review of Development Economics, 13 December 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15914
Decomposition of the Changes in Household Disposable Income Distribution in China
Chen Gong, Denisa Maria Sologon, Zina Nimeh, Cathal O'Donoghue
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15912
Marital Sorting and Inequality: How Educational Categorization Matters
Frederik Almar, Benjamin Friedrich, Ana Reynoso, Bastian Schulz, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15909
Through the Looking Glass: Transparency about Others' Luck and Effort Enhances Redistribution
Juliane V. Wiese, Nattavudh Powdthavee, Jonathan Yeo, Yohanes E. Riyanto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15892
Gender-Segmented Labor Markets and Trade Shocks
Carlos Góes, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15868
Who Pays for Higher Carbon Prices? Illustration for Lithuania and a Research Agenda
Herwig Immervoll, Jules Linden, Cathal O'Donoghue, Denisa Maria Sologon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15854
Inequality and Risk Preference
Harry Pickard, Thomas Dohmen, Bert van Landeghem
[This version: February 2024] published in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2024, 69, 191 - 217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15837
Evolution of Inequality in Nigeria: A Tale of Falling Inequality, Rising Poverty and Regional Heterogeneity
John Chiwuzulum Odozi, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
published in: Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, 2023, 6 (4), 297-309.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15824
Skills, Parental Sorting, and Child Inequality
Martin Nybom, Erik Plug, Bas van der Klaauw, Lennart Ziegler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15816
Children of Communism: The Former Party Membership and Demand for Redistribution
Alexander Libman, Olga Popova
revised version published in: Eastern European Economics, 2023, 61 (3), 199-237
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15785
Reference Dependent Aspirations and Peer Effects in Education
Marco Fongoni, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti, Zhan Shi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15759
Hours Inequality
Daniele Checchi, Cecilia Garca-Peñalosa, Lara Vivian
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15702
Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany: A Decomposition Analysis
Miriam Koomen, Uschi Backes-Gellner
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102284
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15680
The Effect of Firm-Level Investment on Inequality and Poverty around the World
Mehmet S. Tosun, Ethan D. Watson, Serhat Yildiz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15672
Parenting Promotes Social Mobility Within and Across Generations
Jorge Luis García, James J. Heckman
published in: Annual Review of Economics, 2023, 15, 349 - 388
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15670
Households in Transit: COVID-19 and the Changing Measurement of Welfare
Laura Caron, Erwin R. Tiongson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15662
Earnings Losses and the Role of the Welfare State during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Sweden
Adrian Adermon, Lisa Laun, Patrik Lind, Martin Olsson, Jan Sauermann, Anna Sjögren
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2024, 70 (4), 981 - 1010
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15651
Distributional National Accounts for Australia, 1991-2018
Matthew Fisher-Post, Nicolas Herault, Roger Wilkins
published online in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 18 July 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15646
The Slow Demographic Transition in Regions Vulnerable to Climate Change
Thang Dao, Matthias Kalkuhl, Chrysovalantis Vasilakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15611
Intergenerational Mobility in the Land of Inequality
Diogo Britto, Alexandre Fonseca, Paolo Pinotti, Breno Sampaio, Lucas Warwar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15596
Lowering Barriers to Remote Education: Experimental Impacts on Parental Responses and Learning
Emily A. Beam, Priya Mukherjee, Laia Navarro-Sola
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15585
Expansions in Paid Parental Leave and Mothers' Economic Progress
Gozde Corekcioglu, Marco Francesconi, Astrid Kunze
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 169, 104845
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15571
Culture, Children and Couple Gender Inequality
Jonas Jessen
revised version published in: European Economic Review 2022, 150, 104310
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15569
The Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Inter-Generational Transmission of Working in Bureaucracy: Evidence from China
Shuai Chen, Erqi Ge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15568
Demand Stimulus as Social Policy
Alan Auerbach, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Daniel Murphy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15539
Dreaming of a Brighter Future? The Impact of Economic Vulnerability on University Aspirations
Barry Watson, Nancy Kong, Shelley Phipps
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15534
Using Distribution Regression Difference-in-Differences to Evaluate the Effects of a Minimum Wage Introduction on the Distribution of Hourly Wages and Hours Worked
Martin Biewen, Bernd Fitzenberger, Marian Rümmele
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15463
Reversing Fortunes of German Regions, 1926–2019: Boon and Bane of Early Industrialization?
Paul Berbée, Sebastian Till Braun, Richard Franke
published online in: Journal of Economic Growth, 10 October 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15437
New Perspectives on Inequality in Latin America
Manuel Fernandez Sierra, Gabriela Serrano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15429
Dynastic Home Equity
Matteo Benetton, Marianna Kudlyak, John Mondragon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15411
Mending the Gap: Apparel Export Prices and the Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15408
Sweden's COVID-19 Recession: How Foreign and Domestic Infections Struck against Firms and Workers
Anders Akerman, Karolina Ekholm, Torsten Persson, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15406
Inequalities in Job Loss and Income Loss in Sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 Crisis
Ivette Contreras-Gonzalez, Gbemisola Oseni, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, Janneke Pieters, Michael Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15341
Who Benefits from Meritocracy?
Diana B. Moreira, Santiago Perez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15338
The Evolution of Inequality in Education Trajectories and Graduation Outcomes in the US
Christian Belzil, Jörgen Hansen, Xingfei Liu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15337
'Since You're So Rich, You Must Be Really Smart': Talent, Rent Sharing, and the Finance Wage Premium
Michael Johannes Böhm, Daniel Metzger, Per Strömberg
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2023, 90 (5), 2215–2260,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15279
The Full Returns to the Choice of Occupation and Education
Andrew E. Clark, Maria Cotofan, Richard Layard
published as 'Do wages underestimate the inequality in workers’ rewards? The joint distribution of job quality and wages across occupations' in: Economica, 2024, 91 (362), 497-546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15258
The Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap: An Equilibrium Model
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra, Fan Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15225
Educational Inequality
Jo Blanden, Matthias Doepke, Jan Stuhler
published in: E. A. Hanushek, S. Machin, L. Woessmann (eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Amsterdam and Oxford, 2023, 6, 405-497
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15197
Industries, Mega Firms, and Increasing Inequality
John C. Haltiwanger, Henry R. Hyatt, James R. Spletzer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15174
Misallocation and Inequality
Nezih Guner, Alessandro Ruggieri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15165
Trade-Induced Adoption of New Work
Gueyon Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15161
The Global Inequality Boomerang
Ravi Kanbur, Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez, Andy Sumner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15161
The Global Inequality Boomerang
Ravi Kanbur, Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez, Andy Sumner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15153
Geographies of Socio-Economic Inequality
Maarten van Ham, David Manley, Tiit Tammaru
published in: Oxford Open Economics, 2024, 3 (S1), i634-i641
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15145
The Gender Gap in Top Jobs – The Role of Overconfidence
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102283
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15138
Male Wage Inequality and Characteristics of "Early Mover" Marriages
Hani Mansour, Terra McKinnish
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2022, 36, 115–138
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