The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 13,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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767 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12246
Access to Imported Intermediates and Intra-Firm Wage Inequality
Ying Ge, Tony Fang, Yeheng Jiang
forthcoming in: World Economy, 2019.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12227
Managing the Impact of Climate on Migration: Evidence from Mexico
Isabelle Chort, Maëlys de la Rupelle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12218
The Race against the Robots and the Fallacy of the Giant Cheesecake: Immediate and Imagined Impacts of Artificial Intelligence
Wim Naudé
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12214
Firms and Wage Inequality in Central and Eastern Europe
Iga Magda, Jan Gromadzki, Simone Moriconi
forthcoming in: Journal of Comparative Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12199
Inequality and Trade Policy: Pro-Poor Bias of Contemporary Trade Restrictions
Beyza Ural Marchand
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2019, 65, 123-152.​​​​
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12118
Selection and Educational Attainment: Why Some Children Are Left Behind? Evidence from a Middle-Income Country
Luciana Méndez-Errico, Xavier Ramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12116
Mortality in Midlife for Subgroups in Germany
Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid, Julia Schmieder
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2019, 14
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12088
Schooling Forsaken: Education and Migration
Ilhom Abdulloev, Gil S. Epstein, Ira N. Gang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12070
Inequality of Opportunity in Education: Accounting for the Contributions of Sibs, Schools and Sorting across East Africa
Paul Anand, Jere R. Behrman, Hai-Anh Dang, Sam Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12053
University Tuition Fees and High School Students' Educational Intentions
Michael Bahrs, Thomas Siedler
published in: Fiscal Studies, 2019, 40 (2), 117-147
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12048
Regional Migration and Wage Inequality in the West African Economic and Monetary Union
Esther Mirjam Girsberger, Romuald Meango, Hillel Rapoport
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2019, 48 (2), 385-404
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12046
The Race between Demand and Supply: Tinbergen's Pioneering Studies of Earnings Inequality
James J. Heckman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12046
The Race between Demand and Supply: Tinbergen's Pioneering Studies of Earnings Inequality
James J. Heckman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12044
Decomposing Real Wage Changes in the United States
Iván Fernández-Val, Aico van Vuuren, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12034
Inequality and Market Concentration, When Shareholding Is More Skewed Than Consumption
Joshua S. Gans, Andrew Leigh, Martin Schmalz, Adam Triggs
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12017
Learning from the "Best": The Impact of Tax-Benefit Systems in Africa
Olivier Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, Prudence Kwenda, Miracle Ntuli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12015
Income Inequality and the Size of Government: A Causal Analysis
Martin Guzi, Martin Kahanec
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12002
Labor Market Adjustment to Third Party Competition: Evidence from Mexico
Raymond Robertson, Timothy J. Halliday, Sindhu Vasireddy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11964
Unions and Wage Inequality: The Roles of Gender, Skill and Public Sector Employment
David Card, Thomas Lemieux, W. Craig Riddell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11959
International Migration and the Distribution of Income in New Zealand Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Areas
Omoniyi Alimi, David C. Maré, Jacques Poot
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11953
Housing Expenditures and Income Inequality
Christian Dustmann, Bernd Fitzenberger, Markus Zimmermann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11885
Capital Market Integration and Gender Inequality
Mizuki Komura, Hikaru Ogawa
published in: Review of Development Economics, 2019, 23(3), 1387-1413.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11884
A Different Perspective on the Evolution of UK Income Inequality
Anthony B. Atkinson, Stephen P. Jenkins
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 66(2), June 2020, 253-266 (Open Access)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11883
Inequality, Reordering and Divergent Growth: Processes of Neighbourhood Change in Dutch Cities
Tal Modai-Snir, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11838
Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014
Charlotte Bartels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11827
Which Ladder to Climb? Wages of Workers by Job, Plant, and Education
Christian Bayer, Moritz Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11804
Geography of Skills and Global Inequality
Michal Burzynski, Christoph Deuster, Frédéric Docquier
forthcoming in: Journal of Development Economics, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11788
The Impact of Employment Protection on the Industrial Wage Structure
John S. Heywood, Mary O'Mahony, W. Stanley Siebert, Ana Rincon-Aznar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11753
Trends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomes
Bernt Bratsberg, Simen Markussen, Oddbjørn Raaum, Knut Røed, Ole J. Røgeberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11730
Educational Inequality and Public Policy Preferences: Evidence from Representative Survey Experiments
Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2020, 188, 104226
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11710
Trouble in the Tails? What We Know about Earnings Nonresponse Thirty Years after Lillard, Smith, and Welch
Christopher R. Bollinger, Barry Hirsch, Charles M. Hokayem, James P. Ziliak
published in: Journal of Political Economy, 2019, 127 (5), 2143-2185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11709
Disease Control and Inequality Reduction: Evidence from a Tuberculosis Testing and Vaccination Campaign
Aline Bütikofer, Kjell G. Salvanes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11708
Socio-Economic Inequalities in Tobacco Consumption of the Older Adults in China: A Decomposition Method
Yafei Si, Zhongliang Zhou, Min Su, Xiao Wang, Dan Li, Dan Wang, Shuyi He, Zihan Hong, Xi Chen
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15(7), 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071466
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11707
Intra-Household Wealth and Welfare Inequality in the US: Estimations from a Collective Model of Labor Supply
José Alberto Molina, J. Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11655
Violence While in Utero: The Impact of Assaults during Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes
Janet Currie, Michael Mueller-Smith, Maya Rossin-Slater
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11634
The Role of Hours Changes for the Increase in German Earnings Inequality
Martin Biewen, Daniela Plötze
revised version published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics, 2019, 239, 1-28
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11633
The Evolution of Catholic-Protestant Labour Market Inequality in Northern Ireland, 1983-2014
Neil Rowland, Duncan McVicar, Ian Shuttleworth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11625
Testing a Social Innovation in Financial Aid for Low-Income Students: Experimental Evidence from Italy
Davide Azzolini, Alberto Martini, Enrico Rettore, Barbara Romano, Antonio Schizzerotto, Loris Vergolini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11621
Inequality in an OLG Economy with Heterogeneous Cohorts and Pension Systems
Joanna Tyrowicz, Krzysztof Makarski, Marcin Bielecki
published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2018, 16 (4), 583-606
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11610
The Changing Structure of Immigration to the OECD: What Welfare Effects on Member Countries?
Michal Burzynski, Frédéric Docquier, Hillel Rapoport
published in: IMF Economic Review, 2018, 66(3), 564-601
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11605
Education, Intelligence and Diseases in Old Age
Gianmaria Niccodemi, Govert Bijwaard
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11602
The Risks and Benefits of School Integration for Participating Students: Evidence from a Randomized Desegregation Program
Peter Bergman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11601
Measuring Unfair Inequality: Reconciling Equality of Opportunity and Freedom from Poverty
Paul Hufe, Ravi Kanbur, Andreas Peichl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11573
Education Expansion, Assortative Marriage, and Income Inequality in China
Haifeng Nie, Chunbing Xing
forthcoming in: China Economic Review, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11571
Shared Prosperity: Concepts, Data, and Some Policy Examples
Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Emanuela Galasso, Mario Negre
published in Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance. Oxford. OUP. 2020.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11519
Employer Power, Labor Saving Technical Change, and Inequality
Nancy H. Chau, Ravi Kanbur
forthcoming in: Festschrift in Honor of Pranab Bardhan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11515
Financial Education for the Disadvantaged? A Review
Horst Entorf, Jia Hou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11494
Monetary Policy and Inequality under Labor Market Frictions and Capital-Skill Complementarity
Juan J. Dolado, Gergö Motyovszki, Evi Pappa
forthcoming in American Economic Journal-Macroeconomics, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11475
How Should Capital Be Taxed? Theory and Evidence from Sweden
Spencer Bastani, Daniel Waldenström
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11475
How Should Capital Be Taxed? Theory and Evidence from Sweden
Spencer Bastani, Daniel Waldenström
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11466
A New Estimator of Search Duration and Its Application to the Marriage Market
Pavel Jelnov
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2018, 80 (6) , 1089-1116
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11453
Does Ignorance of Economic Returns and Costs Explain the Educational Aspiration Gap? Evidence from Representative Survey Experiments
Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11442
The Fall in German Unemployment: A Flow Analysis
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Andrey Launov, Jean-Marc Robin
revised version forthcoming in: European Economic Review, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11439
Inequality in EU Crisis Countries: How Effective Were Automatic Stabilisers?
Tim Callan, Karina Doorley, Michael Savage
forthcoming in: Fiscal Studies, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11438
Hollowing Out the Middle? Remittances and Income Inequality in Nigeria
James T. Bang, Aniruddha Mitra, Phanindra V. Wunnava
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11430
Latin American Household Budget Surveys 1913-1970 and What They Tell Us about Economic Inequality among Households
Ian Gazeley, Rose Holmes, Cecilia Lanata Briones, Andrew T. Newell, Kevin Reynolds, Hector Gutierrez Rufrancos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11429
The Household Budget Survey in Western Europe, 1795-1965
Ian Gazeley, Rose Holmes, Andrew T. Newell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11407
What Matters for Environmental Quality in the Next-11 Countries: Economic Growth or Income Inequality?
Hemachandra Padhan, Ilham Haouas, Bhagaban Sahoo, Almas Heshmati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11406
Intergenerational Earnings Persistence and Economic Inequality in the Long-Run: Evidence from French Cohorts, 1931-1975
Arnaud Lefranc
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11405
Upward and Downward Bias When Measuring Inequality of Opportunity
Paolo Brunori, Vito Peragine, Laura Serlenga
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11402
Workers, Firms and Life-Cycle Wage Dynamics
Paul Bingley, Lorenzo Cappellari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11355
Inequality among European Working Households, 1890-1960
Ian Gazeley, Rose Holmes, Andrew T. Newell, Kevin Reynolds, Hector Gutierrez Rufrancos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11336
Parental Beliefs about Returns to Child Health Investments
Pietro Biroli, Teodora Boneva, Akash Raja, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11309
Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 73 (5), 1119-1146
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11304
Intergenerational Health Mobility in the US
Timothy J. Halliday, Bhashkar Mazumder, Ashley Wong
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11275
Insurance, Redistribution, and the Inequality of Lifetime Income
Peter Haan, Daniel Kemptner, Victoria L. Prowse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11250
Wage Inequality and Structural Change
Joanna Tyrowicz, Magdalena Smyk
published in Social Indicators Research, 2019, 141(2), 503-538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11246
The Short-Term Distributional Effects of the German Minimum Wage Reform
Marco Caliendo, Alexandra Fedorets, Malte Preuß, Carsten Schröder, Linda Wittbrodt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11219
The Roles of Increasing Inequality and Divergent Urban Development in Understanding Spatial Polarization in Tel-Aviv
Tal Modai-Snir, Maarten van Ham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11194
Technological Innovation and Inclusive Growth in Germany
Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11159
Structural Reforms, Growth and Inequality: An Overview of Theory, Measurement and Evidence
Nauro F. Campos, Paul De Grauwe, Yuemei Ji
published in N. Campos, P. De Grauwe and Y. Ji (eds.), The Political Economy of Structural Reforms in Europe, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 1-44.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11150
Urban Consumption Inequality in China, 1995–2013
Qingjie Xia, Shi Li, Lina Song
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11123
Does Segregation Reduce Socio-Spatial Mobility? Evidence from Four European Countries with Different Inequality and Segregation Contexts
Jaap Nieuwenhuis, Tiit Tammaru, Maarten van Ham, Lina Hedman, David Manley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11121
The Rising Longevity Gap by Lifetime Earnings: Distributional Implications for the Pension System
Peter Haan, Daniel Kemptner, Holger Lüthen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11084
Assortative Mating and Earnings Inequality in France
Nicolas Frémeaux, Arnaud Lefranc
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11072
Rising Wage Inequality in Germany: Increasing Heterogeneity and Changing Selection into Full-Time Work
Martin Biewen, Bernd Fitzenberger, Jakob de Lazzer
revised version published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 7:10
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11071
What Really Happened to British Inequality in the Early 20th Century? Evidence from National Household Expenditure Surveys 1890–1961
Ian Gazeley, Andrew T. Newell, Kevin Reynolds, Hector Gutierrez Rufrancos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11047
The Non-Market Benefits of Education and Ability
James J. Heckman, John Eric Humphries, Gregory Veramendi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11047
The Non-Market Benefits of Education and Ability
James J. Heckman, John Eric Humphries, Gregory Veramendi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11022
The Role of China's Household Registration System in the Urban-Rural Income Differential
Ernest Boffy-Ramirez, Soojae Moon
published in: China Economic Journal, 2018, 11 (2), 108 - 125 https://doi.org/10.1080/17538963.2018.1453103
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11021
Immobile Australia: Surnames Show Strong Status Persistence, 1870–2017
Gregory Clark, Andrew Leigh, Mike Pottenger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11009
Individual Poverty Measurement Using a Fuzzy Intrahousehold Approach
Gianni Betti, Lucia Mangiavacchi, Luca Piccoli
published as 'Women and poverty: insights from individual consumption in Albania' in: Review of Economics of the Household, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-019-09452-3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11008
Spatial Differences in Stunting and Household Agricultural Production in South Africa: (Re-)Examining the Links Using National Panel Survey Data
Steffen Otterbach, Michael Rogan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11006
Inequality and Poverty in Greece: Changes in Times of Crisis
Eirini Andriopoulou, Alexandros Karakitsios, Panos Tsakloglou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11005
'Inequality Is the Root of Social Evil,' or Maybe Not? Two Stories about Inequality and Public Policy
Miles Corak
published in: Canadian Public Policy, 2016, 42 (4), 367-414
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10979
Women in Top Incomes: Evidence from Sweden 1974–2013
Anne Boschini, Kristin Gunnarsson, Jesper Roine
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10979
Women in Top Incomes: Evidence from Sweden 1974–2013
Anne Boschini, Kristin Gunnarsson, Jesper Roine
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10978
Should the Rich Be Taxed More? The Fiscal Inequality Coefficient
John Hatgioannides, Marika Karanassou, Hector Sala
published in: Journal of Economic Issues, 2019, 53 (3), 881-889.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10978
Should the Rich Be Taxed More? The Fiscal Inequality Coefficient
John Hatgioannides, Marika Karanassou, Hector Sala
published in: Journal of Economic Issues, 2019, 53 (3), 881-889.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10943
Using Linked Survey and Administrative Data to Better Measure Income: Implications for Poverty, Program Effectiveness and Holes in the Safety Net
Bruce D. Meyer, Nikolas Mittag
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10924
Offshoring and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence from China
Liugang Sheng, Dennis T. Yang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10921
Status Inequality, Moral Disengagement and Violence
Armin Falk
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10914
The Rising Return to Non-Cognitive Skill
Per-Anders Edin, Peter Fredriksson, Martin Nybom, Björn Öckert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10882
Consumption Inequality and the Frequency of Purchases
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Dmitri Koustas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10882
Consumption Inequality and the Frequency of Purchases
Olivier Coibion, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Dmitri Koustas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10877
Too Lucky to Be True: Fairness Views under the Shadow of Cheating
Ivan Soraperra, Matthias Sutter, Claudia Zoller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10869
Tony Atkinson and His Legacy
Andrea Brandolini, Stephen P. Jenkins, John Micklewright
published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2017, 63 (3), 411-444.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10868
Survey Under-Coverage of Top Incomes and Estimation of Inequality: What Is the Role of the UK's SPI Adjustment?
Richard V. Burkhauser, Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins, Roger Wilkins
Published in: Fiscal Studies, June 2018, 39 (2), 213-240 (Open Access)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10868
Survey Under-Coverage of Top Incomes and Estimation of Inequality: What Is the Role of the UK's SPI Adjustment?
Richard V. Burkhauser, Nicolas Herault, Stephen P. Jenkins, Roger Wilkins
Published in: Fiscal Studies, June 2018, 39 (2), 213-240 (Open Access)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10829
Top Earnings Inequality and the Gender Pay Gap: Canada, Sweden and the United Kingdom
Nicole M. Fortin, Brian Bell, Michael Johannes Böhm
published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 47, 107 - 123
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