The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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161 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18214
In BRAC We Trust? Comparing Schools for Disadvantaged Students in Dhaka’s Slums
John C. Ham, Saima Khan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18165
Hotter Days, Wider Gap: The Distributional Impact of Heat on Student Achievement
Mika Akesaka, Hitoshi Shigeoka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18117
Investing in Human Capital During Wartime: Experimental Evidence from Ukraine
Lelys Dinarte Diaz, James Gresham, Renata Lemos, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Rony Rodriguez-Ramirez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18113
The Heterosis Effect in Human Capital and Wealth Accumulation
Chen Zhu, Petri Böckerman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18080
The Educational Achievement Penalty from School Exclusion
Neil Rowland, Babak Jahanshahi, Duncan McVicar, Corina Miller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18044
Does Being Excluded from School Harm Student Achievement? Evidence from Siblings in English Population Data
Andrew McLean, Duncan McVicar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17930
Breaking the Early Bell: Lessons from the First Statewide Mandate on School Start Times
Jialu Dou, Rania Gihleb, Osea Giuntella, Jakub Lonsky
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17734
Time Well Spent? The Role of Test Effort in Explaining Achievement Gaps
Lex Borghans, Ron Diris, Mariana Tavares
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17631
More than Just Lunch: School-Meal Subsidies and Language Proficiency
Sara Ayllón, Samuel Lado
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17576
On-the-Job Learning: How Peers and Experience Drive Productivity Among Teachers
Romaine A. Campbell, Seth Gershenson, Constance A. Lindsay, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Jessica H. Rendon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17462
Autonomous Schools, Achievement, and Segregation
Natalie Irmert, Jan Bietenbeck, Linn Mattisson, Felix Weinhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17228
Free Schooling Reverses Sibling Rivalry
João R. Ferreira, Wayne Aaron Sandholtz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17167
What Is Wrong with Ability-Tracking?
Hartmut Esser
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17135
Can the Teaching Style Reduce Inequality in the Classroom? Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment
Lei Xu, Massimiliano Tani, Yu Zhu
published in: British Educational Research Journal, 2024, 50 (6), 2849 - 2874
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16998
Identifying Peer Effects in Networks with Unobserved Effort and Isolated Students
Aristide Houndetoungan, Cristelle Kouame, Michael Vlassopoulos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16847
Peer Creativity and Academic Achievement
Max van Lent
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16773
Competitive Effects of Charter Schools
David N. Figlio, Cassandra M. D. Hart, Krzysztof Karbownik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16731
COVID-19, School Closures, and Student Learning Outcomes: New Global Evidence from PISA
Maciej Jakubowski, Tomasz Gajderowicz, Harry Anthony Patrinos
published in: Science of Learning, 2025, 10, 5 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16498
Starting the School Year on the Right Foot. Effects of a Summer Learning Program Targeting Vulnerable Students in Italy
Davide Azzolini, Martina Bazzoli, Sergiu Burlacu, Enrico Rettore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16458
Can Patience Account For Subnational Differences in Student Achievement? Regional Analysis with Facebook Interests
Eric A. Hanushek, Lavinia Kinne, Pietro Sancassani, Ludger Woessmann
published online as 'Patience and Subnational Differences in Human Capital: Regional Analysis with Facebook Interests' in: Economic Journal, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16419
Race and the Income-Achievement Gap
Ryan Bacic, Angela Zheng
pubished in: Economic Inquiry, 2024, 62 (1), 5- 23
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16386
Housing Unaffordability and Adolescent Academic Achievement in Urban China
Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li, Lanlin Ding, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
published online in: Applied Economics, 21 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16258
Spillover Effects of Black Teachers on White Teachers' Racial Competency: Mixed Methods Evidence from North Carolina
Seth Gershenson, Constance A. Lindsay, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Romaine A. Campbell, Jessica H. Rendon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16223
The Rising Influence of Family Background on Early School Performance
Simen Markussen, Knut Røed
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 97, article 102491
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15751
Do Class Closures Affect Students' Achievements? Heterogeneous Effects of Students' Socioeconomic Backgrounds
Masato Oikawa, Ryuichi Tanaka, Shun-ichiro Bessho, Akira Kawamura, Haruko Noguchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15686
How Does Testing Young Children Influence Educational Attainment and Well-Being?
Colin P. Green, Ole Henning Nyhus, Kari Vea Salvanes
published as 'Does testing young children influence educational attainment and wellbeing?' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38 (1), 20
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15648
Global Universal Basic Skills: Current Deficits and Implications for World Development
Sarah Gust, Eric A. Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 166, 103205
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15604
How Good Am I? Effects and Mechanisms behind Salient Ranks
Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104870
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15556
Making the Grade: The Effect of Teacher Grading Standards on Student Outcomes
Seth Gershenson, Stephen B. Holt, Adam Tyner
published in: Contemporary Economic Policy, 2024, 42 (2): 305-318
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15528
Patterns, Determinants, and Consequences of Ability Tracking: Evidence from Texas Public Schools
Kate Antonovics, Sandra E. Black, Julie Berry Cullen, Akiva Yonah Meiselman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15527
What Divides the First and Second Generations? Family Time of Arrival and Educational Outcomes for Immigrant Youth
Marie C. Hull
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2023, 89 (3), 754-787
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15418
Genetic and Socioeconomic Achievement Gaps in Elementary School
Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Victor Ronda, Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15389
Children in the Aftermath of the Great Recession
Carsten Andersen, Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Helena Skyt Nielsen, Michael Svarer
published in: Nationaløkonomisk Tidsskrift/ Danish Economic Journal, 2022, 2022 (1), Article 3
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14572
Tackling the Gender Gap in Mathematics with Active Learning Methodologies
Maria Laura Di Tommaso, Dalit Contini, Dalila De Rosa, Francesca Ferrara, Daniela Piazzalunga, Ornella Robutti
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2024, 100, 102538
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14461
Only a Matter of Time? The Role of Time in School on Four-Day School Week Achievement Impacts
Paul N. Thompson, Jason Ward
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2022, 86, 102198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14342
Effects of Scaling up Private School Choice Programs on Public School Students
David N. Figlio, Cassandra M. D. Hart, Krzysztof Karbownik
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2023, 15 (4), 255-294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14230
Class Size and Learning: Has India Spent Too Much on Reducing Class Size?
Sandip Datta, Geeta G. Kingdon
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2023, 37 (1), 24–48,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14168
Age of Starting School, Academic Performance, and the Impact of Non-Compliance: An Experiment within an Experiment, Evidence from Australia
Tony Beatton, Michael Kidd, Anthony Niu, Francis Vella
published in: Economic Record, 2023, 99 (325), 175 - 206
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14094
Apart but Connected: Online Tutoring and Student Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Michela Carlana, Eliana La Ferrara
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14074
Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published as: The Economics of Gender and Educational Achievement: Stylized Facts and Causal Evidence, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, Oxford University Press, August 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13918
The Duration of Compulsory Education and the Transition to Secondary Education: Panel Data Evidence from Low-Income Countries
Luis Diaz-Serrano
published in: International Journal of Educational Development, 2020, 75, 102189
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13685
Is There a Link between BMI and Adolescents' Educational Choices and Expectations?
Luis Diaz-Serrano, Alexandrina P. Stoyanova
published as 'The relationship between overweight and education revisited: a test of the selection hypothesis based on adolescents' educational aspirations' in: Public Health, 2023, 224, 237 - 243
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13630
Educational Gender Gaps
Shelly Lundberg
published in: Southern Economic Journal, 2020, 87 (2), 416-439
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13563
Obstacles on the Road to School: The Impacts of Mobility Restrictions on Educational Performance
Sami H. Miaari, Ines Lee
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13453
Culture and Student Achievement: The Intertwined Roles of Patience and Risk-Taking
Eric A. Hanushek, Lavinia Kinne, Philipp Lergetporer, Ludger Woessmann
published as 'Patience, Risk-Taking, and Human Capital Investment across Countries' in: Economic Journal, 2022, 132 (646), 2290-2307
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13299
How Gender and Prior Disadvantage Predict Performance in College
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published in: Economic and Social Review, 2020, 51 (2), 189 -239
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13291
Conceptualizing Grade Inflation
Adam Tyner, Seth Gershenson
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2020, 78, 102037
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13121
Teacher Preferences, Working Conditions, and Compensation Structure
Andrew C. Johnston
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13065
Parents' Responses to Teacher Qualifications
Simon Chang, Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Nicolás Salamanca
publisehd in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2022, 197, 419 - 446
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12971
Long-Run Trends in the U.S. SES-Achievement Gap
Eric A. Hanushek, Paul E. Peterson, Laura M. Talpey, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Education Finance and Policy, 2022, 17 (4), 608-640
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