The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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940 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16140
Has China's Growth Gone from Miracle to Malady?
Eswar Prasad
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16095
Labour Market Reallocation Effects of COVID-19 Policies in Spain: A Tale of Two Recessions
Antonia Diaz, Juan J. Dolado, Álvaro Jáñez, Felix Wellschmied
published as 'Labor reallocation effects of furlough schemes: Evidence from two recessions in Spain' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 171, 104894
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16042
Monetary Rewards, Hierarchy Level and Working Hours as Drivers of Employees' Self-Evaluations
Christian Grund, Alexandra Soboll
published in: Review of Managerial Science, 2025, 19, 729–756
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16023
The Limitations of Overtime Limits to Reduce Long Working Hours: Evidence from the 2018-2021 Working Time Reform in Korea
Stéphane Carcillo, Alexander Hijzen, Stefan Thewissen
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (1), 98-126
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15979
The Great Migration and Educational Opportunity
Cavit Baran, Eric Chyn, Bryan Andrew Stuart
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 354–e98
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15872
Job Ladders by Firm Wage and Productivity
Antoine Bertheau, Rune Majlund Vejlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15852
Health Effects of Fuel Transitions in India: Evidence from Panel Data
Mehtabul Azam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15848
Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Performance of Start-Ups
Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Daniel Rodriguez, Claudia Stier
published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 1027–1051
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15799
A Complete Framework for Model-Free Difference-in-Differences Estimation
Daniel J. Henderson, Stefan Sperlich
published in: Foundations and Trends in Econometrics, 2023, 12 (3), 232-323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15793
The Influence of Start-up Motivation on Entrepreneurial Performance
Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Claudia Stier
published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 869-889.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15779
Investment Grants and Firms' Productivity: How Effective Is a Grant Booster Shot?
Fernando Alexandre, Miguel Chaves, Miguel Portela
published online in: Small Business Economics, 22 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15760
Import Competition, Formalization, and the Role of Contract Labor
Pavel Chakraborty, Rahul Singh, Vidhya Soundararajan
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (4), 741–771,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15732
The Broken Chain: Evidence against Emotionally Driven Upstream Indirect Reciprocity
Wendelin Schnedler
published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2022, 136, 542-558
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15729
Marijuana Legalization and Mental Health
Daniel Borbely, Otto Lenhart, Jonathan Norris, Agnese Romiti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15727
Doubly Robust Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects Using Inverse Probability Weighted Regression Adjustment
Tymon Sloczynski, Derya Uysal, Jeffrey M. Wooldridge
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15699
The Heterogeneous Response of Real Estate Asset Prices to a Global Shock
Sandro Heiniger, Winfried Koeniger, Michael Lechner
revised version published online as 'The heterogeneous response of real estate prices during the Covid-19 pandemic' in: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society, 27 August 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608
German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed
Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel
published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15605
To Be or Not to Be: The Entrepreneur in Neo-Schumpeterian Growth Theory
Magnus Henrekson, Dan Johansson, Johan Karlsson
published in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2024, 48 (1), 104–140
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15580
Effect or Treatment Heterogeneity? Policy Evaluation with Aggregated and Disaggregated Treatments
Phillip Heiler, Michael C. Knaus
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15580
Effect or Treatment Heterogeneity? Policy Evaluation with Aggregated and Disaggregated Treatments
Phillip Heiler, Michael C. Knaus
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