The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 13,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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278 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13954
Revisiting the Causal Effect of Education on Political Participation and Interest
Nadja Bömmel, Guido Heineck
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13790
School Re-Openings after Summer Breaks in Germany Did Not Increase SARS-CoV-2 Cases
Ingo E. Isphording, Marc Lipfert, Nico Pestel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13576
Do Unions and Works Councils Really Dampen the Gender Pay Gap? Discordant Evidence from Germany
Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel, Marina Töpfer
forthcoming in: Economics Letters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13538
Divergence in Labour Force Growth: Should Wages and Prices Grow Faster in Germany?
Thomas Beissinger, Joël Hellier, Martyna Marczak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13418
Pandemic Meets Pollution: Poor Air Quality Increases Deaths by COVID-19
Ingo E. Isphording, Nico Pestel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13391
Welfare States, Labor Markets, Social Investment and the Digital Transformation
Werner Eichhorst, Anton Hemerijck, Gemma Scalise
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13319
Face Masks Considerably Reduce COVID-19 Cases in Germany: A Synthetic Control Method Approach
Timo Mitze, Reinhold Kosfeld, Johannes Rode, Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13157
Are Universities Important for Explaining Unequal Participation in Student Mobility? A Comparison between Germany, Hungary, Italy and the UK
Sylke V. Schnepf, Elena Bastianelli, Zsuzsa Blaskó
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13152
Germany's Capacities to Work from Home
Jean-Victor Alipour, Oliver Falck, Simone Schüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13151
Should Contact Bans Be Lifted in Germany? A Quantitative Prediction of Its Effects
Jean Roch Donsimoni, René Glawion, Bodo Plachter, Constantin Weiser, Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13094
Projecting the Spread of COVID-19 for Germany
Jean Roch Donsimoni, René Glawion, Bodo Plachter, Klaus Wälde
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13032
The Separation and Reunification of Germany: Rethinking a Natural Experiment Interpretation of the Enduring Effects of Communism
Sascha O. Becker, Lukas Mergele, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2020, 34(2), 143-171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13003
Wage Inequality in Germany after the Minimum Wage Introduction
Mario Bossler, Thorsten Schank
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12903
Ethnic Networks and the Employment of Asylum Seekers: Evidence from Germany
Felix Stips, Krisztina Kis-Katos
published in: PLOS One, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236996
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12851
Occupational Routine-Intensity and the Costs of Job Loss: Evidence from Mass Layoffs
Uwe Blien, Wolfgang Dauth, Duncan Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12767
Owners, External Managers, and Industrial Relations in German Establishments
Arnd Kölling, Claus Schnabel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12749
Information Provision and Preferences for Education Spending: Evidence from Representative Survey Experiments in Three Countries
Maria Alejandra Cattaneo, Philipp Lergetporer, Guido Schwerdt, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann, Stefan C. Wolter
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 63, 101876
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12741
Settlement Location Shapes Refugee Integration: Evidence from Post-War Germany
Sebastian Till Braun, Nadja Dwenger
published in: Explorations in Economic History, 2020, 77, 101330
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12545
Low Emission Zones for Better Health: Evidence from German Hospitals
Nico Pestel, Florian Wozny
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12529
The 2011 Break in the Part-Time Indicator and the Evolution of Wage Inequality in Germany
Bernd Fitzenberger, Arnim Seidlitz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12392
Questioning the Stereotype of the "Malingering Bureaucrat": Absence from Work in the Public and Private Sector in Germany
Stephanie Prümer, Claus Schnabel
published in: Kyklos, 2019, 72 (4), 570-603
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12358
The Immigrant-Native Wage Gap in Germany Revisited
Kai Ingwersen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12234
Out-Of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Cornelia Struewing
revised version by Uwe Jirjahn and Cornelia Chadi published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2020, 18 (3), 853-881
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12234
Out-Of-Partnership Births in East and West Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Cornelia Struewing
revised version by Uwe Jirjahn and Cornelia Chadi published in: Review of Economics of the Household, 2020, 18 (3), 853-881
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12116
Mortality in Midlife for Subgroups in Germany
Peter Haan, Anna Hammerschmid, Julia Schmieder
published in: Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2019, 14
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12078
The Role of Body Weight for Health, Earnings and Life Satisfaction
Olaf Hübler
forthcoming in: Journal of Economics and Statistics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12047
The 2015 European Refugee Crisis and Residential Housing Rents in Germany
Kathleen Kürschner Rauck, Michael Kvasnicka
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12031
On the Origin and Composition of the German East-West Population Gap
Christoph Eder, Martin Halla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11988
The Effect of a Ban on Gender-Based Pricing on Risk Selection in the German Health Insurance Market
Shan Huang, Martin Salm
revised version published in: Health Economics, 2020, 29, 3-17
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11932
Varying Youth Cohort Effects on Regional Labour Market Outcomes in Germany
Thomas de Graaff, Ceren Ozgen, Duncan Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11858
The German Labor Market during the Great Recession: Shocks and Institutions
Britta Gehrke, Wolfgang Lechthaler, Christian Merkl
published in: Economic Modelling, 2019, 78, 192-208
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11838
Top Incomes in Germany, 1871-2014
Charlotte Bartels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11832
Are Retirees More Satisfied? Anticipation and Adaptation Effects of Retirement on Subjective Well-Being: A Panel Analysis for Germany
Joachim Merz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11747
Employment Adjustments Following Rises and Reductions in Minimum Wages: New Insights from a Survey Experiment
Mario Bossler, Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Labour, 2020, 34 (3), 323-346
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11499
Competitiveness at the Country-Sector Level: New Measures Based on Global Value Chains
Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11442
The Fall in German Unemployment: A Flow Analysis
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela, Andrey Launov, Jean-Marc Robin
revised version forthcoming in: European Economic Review, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11378
Worker Representation and Temporary Employment in Germany: The Deployment and Extent of Fixed-Term Contracts and Temporary Agency Work
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2(1),24-46.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11377
The Cyclicality of the Stepping-Stone Effect of Temporary Agency Employment
Elke J. Jahn, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11361
Early Gender Gaps among University Graduates
Marco Francesconi, Matthias Parey
revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2018, 109, 63-82
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11309
Firm Wage Premia, Industrial Relations, and Rent Sharing in Germany
Boris Hirsch, Steffen Müller
revised version published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 73 (5), 1119-1146
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11299
Adjusting to Globalization in Germany
Wolfgang Dauth, Sebastian Findeisen, Jens Suedekum
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11295
Identifying Age Penalty in Women's Wages: New Method and Evidence from Germany 1984-2014
Joanna Tyrowicz, Lucas van der Velde, Irene van Staveren
published in Feminist Economics, 2018, 24 (4), 108-130
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11194
Technological Innovation and Inclusive Growth in Germany
Wim Naudé, Paula Nagler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11175
Searching on Campus? Marriage Market Effects of the Student Gender Composition
Nico Pestel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11077
Local Labor Markets and the Persistence of Population Shocks
Sebastian Till Braun, Anica Kramer, Michael Kvasnicka
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Geography, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11072
Rising Wage Inequality in Germany: Increasing Heterogeneity and Changing Selection into Full-Time Work
Martin Biewen, Bernd Fitzenberger, Jakob de Lazzer
revised version published in: IZA Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 7:10
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11064
The German Model of Industrial Relations: (Where) Does It Still Exist?
Michael Oberfichtner, Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik), 2019, 239 (1), 5-37
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10948
Public Opinion on Education Policy in Germany
Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Werner, Ludger Woessmann
forthcoming in: Martin R. West and Ludger Woessmann (eds.), Public Opinion and the Political Economy of Education Policy around the World, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10891
Limits to Wage Growth: Understanding the Wage Divergence between Immigrants and Natives
Apoorva Jain, Klara Sabirianova Peter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10887
A Joint Hazard-Longitudinal Model of the Timing of Migration, Immigrant Quality, and Labor Market Assimilation
Apoorva Jain, Klara Sabirianova Peter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10813
Taxing Childcare: Effects on Childcare Choices, Family Labor Supply and Children
Christina Gathmann, Björn Sass
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 36 (3), 665-709
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10782
High-Impact Minimum Wages and Heterogeneous Regions
Philipp Vom Berge, Hanna Frings
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10660
Working Time Accounts and Turnover
Andrey Launov
substantially revised version forthcoming in: Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2021
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10441
End-of-Year Spending and the Long-Run Employment Effects of Training Programs for the Unemployed
Bernd Fitzenberger, Marina Furdas, Christoph Sajons
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10369
Job Creation Schemes in Turbulent Times
Annette Bergemann, Laura Pohlan, Arne Uhlendorff
revised version published as 'The Impact of Participation in Job Creation Schemes in Turbulent Times' in: Labour Economics, 2017, 47, 182-201
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10357
How Information Affects Support for Education Spending: Evidence from Survey Experiments in Germany and the United States
Martin R. West, Ludger Woessmann, Philipp Lergetporer, Katharina Werner
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2018, 167, 138-157
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10341
Etiopathology of Europe's Sick Man: Worker Flows in Germany, 1959-2016
Benjamin Hartung, Philip Jung, Moritz Kuhn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10264
Benefit Duration and Job Search Effort: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Andreas Lichter
substantially revised version forthcoming in: Journal of Public Economics, joint with Amelie Schiprowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9962
Monopsonistic Competition, Low-Wage Labour Markets, and Minimum Wages: An Empirical Analysis
Ronald Bachmann, Hanna Frings
Applied Economics, 2017, 49 (51), 5268-5286
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9869
Labor Market Risk in Germany
Tom Krebs, Yao Yao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9849
Bias in Returns to Tenure When Firm Wages and Employment Comove: A Quantitative Assessment and Solution
Pedro S. Martins, Andy Snell, Heiko Stüber, Jonathan P. Thomas
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 36(1), 47-74
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9822
Labour Supply after Inheritances and the Role of Expectations
Karina Doorley, Nico Pestel
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2020, 82(4), 843-863
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9818
Working-Time Mismatch and Mental Health
Steffen Otterbach, Mark Wooden, Yin King Fok
revised version published in: International Journal of Human Resource Management (available online ahead of print version)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9787
Structural Reform in Germany
Tom Krebs, Martin Scheffel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9735
Work Hour Mismatch and Job Mobility: Adjustment Channels and Resolution Rates
Michael C. Knaus, Steffen Otterbach
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2019, 57(1), 227-242
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9507
New Evidence on the Effects of the Shortened School Duration in the German States: An Evaluation of Post-Secondary Education Decisions
Tobias Meyer, Stephan L. Thomsen, Heidrun Schneider
published in: German Economic Review, 2019, 20 (4), e201-e253.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9407
Ex Post Inequality of Opportunity Comparisons
Marc Fleurbaey, Vito Peragine, Xavier Ramos
published in: Social Choice and Welfare, 2017, 49, 577–603. DOI: 10.1007/s00355-017-1090-4
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9333
Time-Varying Individual Risk Attitudes over the Great Recession: A Comparison of Germany and Ukraine
Thomas Dohmen, Hartmut Lehmann, Norberto Pignatti
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2016, 44 (1), 182-200
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9325
Are There Austerity‐Related Policy Changes in Germany?
Werner Eichhorst, Anke Hassel
published in: Sotiria Theodoropoulou (ed.), Labour market reforms in the era of pervasive austerity: a European perspective, Bristol: Policy Press, 2018.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9323
Pacts for Employment and Competitiveness as a Role Model? Their Effects on Firm Performance
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Contract Innovation in Germany: An Economic Evaluation of Pacts for Competitiveness' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 55(3), 500-526.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9266
Can Policy Facilitate Partial Retirement? Evidence from Germany
Peter B. Berg, Mary K. Hamman, Matthew Piszczek, Christopher J. Ruhm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9230
Completing the Monetary Union of Europe as Mid-term Solution of the Euro Crisis
Justina A.V. Fischer, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9186
Protecting Working-Age People with Disabilities: Experiences of Four Industrialized Nations
Richard V. Burkhauser, Mary C. Daly, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Labour Market Research (Zeitschrift für Arbeitsmarktforschung), 2016, 49(4): 367-386
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9134
How to Fight Long-Term Unemployment: Lessons from Germany
Alexander Spermann
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2015, 4:15
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9122
The Information Value of Central School Exams
Guido Schwerdt, Ludger Woessmann
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2017, 56, 65-79
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9088
Does Daylight Saving Time Really Make Us Sick?
Lawrence Jin, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
revised version published "Sleep, Health, and Human Capital: Evidence from Daylight Saving Time" in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020,170: 174-192
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9055
Life Satisfaction in Germany after Reunification: Additional Insights on the Pattern of Convergence
Christian Pfeifer, Inna Petrunyk
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), 2016, 236 (2), 217-239
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9015
Coming to Work While Sick: An Economic Theory of Presenteeism with an Application to German Data
Boris Hirsch, Daniel S. J. Lechmann, Claus Schnabel
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2017, 69 (4), 1010-1031
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8964
Productivity Effects of Air Pollution: Evidence from Professional Soccer
Andreas Lichter, Nico Pestel, Eric Sommer
revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2017, 48, 54-66
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8920
Offshoring and Labour Market Reforms: Modelling the German Experience
Thomas Beissinger, Nathalie Chusseau, Joël Hellier
published in: Economic Modelling, 2016, 53, 314-333
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8919
United, Yet Apart? A Note on Persistent Labour Market Differences between Western and Eastern Germany
Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik), 2016, 236 (2), 157-180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8818
Why Did Self-Employment Increase so Strongly in Germany?
Michael Fritsch, Alexander S. Kritikos, Alina Sorgner
published in: Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 2015, 67 (2), 307-333
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8695
Beyond the Average: Peer Heterogeneity and Intergenerational Transmission of Education
Tanika Chakraborty, Olga Nottmeyer, Simone Schüller, Klaus F. Zimmermann
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2019, 163, 551–569. [Abstract & Download]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8651
Do Entrepreneurs Really Earn Less?
Alina Sorgner, Michael Fritsch, Alexander S. Kritikos
revised version published in: Small Business Economics, 2017, 49 (2), 251–272
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8623
Did Tuition Fees in Germany Constrain Students' Budgets? New Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Stephan L. Thomsen, Friederike von Haaren
revised version published in: IZA Journal or European Labor Studies, 2016, 5:6
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8589
Does the Choice of Well-Being Measure Matter Empirically? An Illustration with German Data
Koen Decancq, Dirk Neumann
revised version published in: M. Adler, M. Fleurbaey (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy, OUP, 2016, 553-587
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8554
Sufficient Statistic or Not? The Elasticity of Taxable Income in the Presence of Deduction Possibilities
Philipp Doerrenberg, Andreas Peichl, Sebastian Siegloch
revised version forthcoming in: Journal of Public Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8553
Documentation IZAΨMOD v3.0: The IZA Policy Simulation Model
Max Loeffler, Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel, Sebastian Siegloch, Eric Sommer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8545
Evidence and Persistence of Education Inequality in an Early-Tracking System: The German Case
Annabelle Krause-Pilatus, Simone Schüller
published in: Scuola Democratica, 2014, 2. [Abstract & Download]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8496
Love Thy Neighbor: Religion and Prosocial Behavior
Guido Heineck
revised version published in: International Journal of Social Economics, 2017, 44(7), 869 - 883
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8482
Beyond Inequality Accounting: Marital Sorting and Couple Labor Supply
Nico Pestel
published as 'Marital Sorting, Inequality and the Role of Female Labour Supply: Evidence from East and West Germany' in: Economica, 2017, 84 (333), 104-127 [Online]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8438
Job Insecurity, Employability, and Health: An Analysis for Germany across Generations
Steffen Otterbach, Alfonso Sousa-Poza
published in: Applied Economics, 2016, 48 (14), 1303-1316
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8417
How Selective Are Real Wage Cuts? A Micro-Analysis Using Linked Employer-Employee Data
Boris Hirsch, Thomas Zwick
published in: Labour, 2015, 29 (4), 327-347
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8372
Employment Industry and Occupational Continuity in Germany: From the Nazi Regime to the Post-War Economic Miracle
Patrick A. Puhani
published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2015, 22(8), 603-612
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8359
Changes in Bargaining Status and Intra-Plant Wage Dispersion in Germany: A Case of (Almost) Plus Ça Change?
John T. Addison, Arnd Kölling, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8257
Union Decline and the Coverage Wage Gap in Germany
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Jens Stephani, Lutz Bellmann
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2015, 36 (3), 301-317.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8242
Centralized vs. Decentralized Wage Formation: The Role of Firms' Production Technology
Boris Hirsch, Christian Merkl, Steffen Müller, Claus Schnabel
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8229
Teenage Pregnancies and Births in Germany: Patterns and Developments
Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Regina T. Riphahn
published in: Applied Economics, 2014, 46(28), 3503-3522
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8155
Not So Standard Anymore? Employment Duality in Germany
Werner Eichhorst, Verena Tobsch
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2015, 48 (2), 81-95
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8064
Returns to Citizenship? Evidence from Germany's Recent Immigration Reforms
Christina Gathmann, Nicolas Keller
revised version published as 'Returns to Citizenship? Evidence from Germany's Recent Immigration Reforms' in: Economic Journal, 2018, 128 (616), 3141 3181
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