The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising over 13,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics. 

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278 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5752
The Employment of Mothers: Recent Developments and their Determinants in East and West Germany
Barbara Hanel, Regina T. Riphahn
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2012, 232 (2), 146-176
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5708
The Aftermath of Reunification: Sectoral Transition, Gender, and Rising Wage Inequality in East Germany
Karsten Kohn, Dirk Antonczyk
published in: Economics of Transition, 2013, 21 (1), 73-110
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5521
The Unequal Incidence of Non-Standard Employment across Occupational Groups: An Empirical Analysis of Post-Industrial Labour Markets in Germany and Europe
Paul Marx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5490
The Transition from Work to Retirement
Werner Eichhorst
published in: German Policy Studies, 2011, 7 (1), 107-133
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5396
Reservation Wages of First and Second Generation Migrants
Amelie F. Constant, Annabelle Krause-Pilatus, Ulf Rinne, Klaus F. Zimmermann
revised version published in: Applied Economics Letters, 2017, 24 (13), 945-949 [Online]
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5244
Exports and Firm Characteristics in German Manufacturing Industries
Joachim Wagner
published in: Applied Economics Quarterly, 2011, 57 (2), 107-143 and 145-160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5228
Wage Cyclicality under Different Regimes of Industrial Relations
Hermann Gartner, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial Relations, 2013, 52 (2), 516-540
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5199
Real Wages and the Business Cycle in Germany
Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger
published in: Empirical Economics, 2013, 44 (2), 469-490
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5183
The Post-Entry Performance of Cohorts of Export Starters in German Manufacturing Industries
Joachim Wagner
published in: International Journal of the Economics of Business, 2012, 19 (2), 169-193
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5154
Women Move Differently: Job Separations and Gender
Boris Hirsch, Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2012, 33 (4), 417-442
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5147
Self-Selection into Export Markets by Business Services Firms: Evidence from France, Germany and the United Kingdom
Yama Temouri, Alexander Vogel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2013, 25 (2), 146-158
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5084
Human Capital Investments in Children: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Parent-Child Shared Time in Selected Countries
Eva Österbacka, Joachim Merz, Cathleen D. Zick
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5043
Employer Preferences and Social Policy: Business and the Development of Job Security Regulations in Germany since World War I
Patrick Emmenegger, Paul Marx
revised version published as 'Business and the Development of Job Security Regulations: The Case of Germany' in: Socio-Economic Review, 2011, 9 (4), 729-756
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5030
The State of Collective Bargaining and Worker Representation in Germany: The Erosion Continues
John T. Addison, Alex Bryson, Paulino Teixeira, André Pahnke, Lutz Bellmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4778
What's the Difference?! Gender, Personality, and the Propensity to Start a Business
Marina Furdas, Karsten Kohn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4770
Does Size Matter? The Impact of Changes in Household Structure on Income Distribution in Germany
Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel, Hilmar Schneider
revised version published in: Review of Income and Wealth, 2012, 58 (1), 118-141
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4743
Dialects, Cultural Identity, and Economic Exchange
Oliver Falck, Stephan Heblich, Alfred Lameli, Jens Suedekum
published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2012, 72 (2-3), 225-239
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4735
The Working Hours of Immigrants in Germany: Temporary versus Permanent
Martin Kahanec, Michael P. Shields
published in: IZA Journal of Migration, 2013, 2:14
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4696
Low-Wage Careers: Are There Dead-End Firms and Dead-End Jobs?
Alexander Mosthaf, Claus Schnabel, Jens Stephani
published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung /Journal for Labour Market Research, 2011, 43 (3), 231-249
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4675
Cultural Integration in Germany
Amelie F. Constant, Olga Nottmeyer, Klaus F. Zimmermann
published in: Yann Algan, Alberto Bisin, Alan Manning and Thierry Verdier (eds.): Cultural Integration of Immigrants in Europe, Oxford: OUP, 2012, Chapter 3, 69-124
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4633
Labor Market Adjustments after a Large Import Shock: Evidence from the German Clothing Industry and the Multi-Fibre Arrangement
Nils Braakmann, Joachim Wagner
published in: Dierk Hirschel, Peter Paic und Markus Zwick (Hrsg.), Daten in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Forschung, Wiesbaden, Springer Gabler 2013, 201-224
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4605
Offshoring and Firm Performance: Self-Selection, Effects on Performance, or Both?
Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2011, 147 (2), 217-247
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4515
Effect of Labor Division between Wife and Husband on the Risk of Divorce: Evidence from German Data
Kornelius Kraft, Stefanie Neimann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4488
The Institutional Context of an "Empirical Law": The Wage Curve under Different Regimes of Collective Bargaining
Uwe Blien, Wolfgang Dauth, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2013, 51 (1), 59-79
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4454
20 Years of German Unification: Evidence on Income Convergence and Heterogeneity
Tilman Brück, Heiko Peters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4441
The KfW/ZEW Start-up Panel: Design and Research Potential
Helmut Fryges, Sandra Gottschalk, Karsten Kohn
published in: Schmollers Jahrbuch: Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften / Journal of Applied Social Science Studies, 2010, 130 (1), 117-131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4364
The Research Potential of New Types of Enterprise Data Based on Surveys from Official Statistics in Germany
Joachim Wagner
published in: Schmollers Jahrbuch: Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften / Journal of Applied Social Science Studies, 2010, 130 (1), 133-142
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4352
One-third Codetermination at Company Supervisory Boards and Firm Performance in German Manufacturing Industries: First Direct Evidence from a New Type of Enterprise Data
Joachim Wagner
published in: Schmollers Jahrbuch: Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften /Journal of Applied Social Science Studies, 2011, 131 (1), 91-106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4294
Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf: Wie konsistent sind die Reformen?
Werner Eichhorst, Eric Thode
published in: Regards sur l'Economie Allemande, 2010, 96, 13-21
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4278
Paying More than Necessary? The Wage Cushion in Germany
Sven Jung, Claus Schnabel
published in: Labour, 2011, 25 (2), 182-197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4220
From the Dual Apprenticeship System to a Dual Labor Market? The German High-Skill Equilibrium and the Service Economy
Werner Eichhorst, Paul Marx
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4197
Demografie und Ungleichheit: Der Einfluss von Veränderungen der Haushaltsstruktur auf die Einkommensverteilung in Deutschland
Andreas Peichl, Nico Pestel, Hilmar Schneider
substantially revised version available as IZA Standpunkt No. 18, published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung / Journal for Labour Market Research, 2011, 43(4), 327-338
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4126
Works Councils and Separations: Voice, Monopoly, and Insurance Effects
Boris Hirsch, Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial Relations, 2010, 49 (4), 566-592
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4100
Reforming German Labor Market Institutions: A Dual Path to Flexibility
Werner Eichhorst, Paul Marx
revised version published in: Journal of European Social Policy, 2011, 21(1), 73-87
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4076
Subsidies and Exports in Germany: First Evidence from Enterprise Panel Data
Sourafel Girma, Holger Görg, Joachim Wagner
published in: Applied Economics Quarterly, 2009, 55 (3), 179-195
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4068
The Rise and Fall of the "Normalarbeitsverhältnis" in Germany
Toni Pierenkemper
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3923
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity in Services: Direct Evidence from a Firm Survey
Daniel Radowski, Holger Bonin
published in: Economics Letters, 2010, 106 (3), 227-229
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3918
Worker Directors: A German Product that Didn't Export?
John T. Addison, Claus Schnabel
published in: Industrial Relations, 2011, 50 (2), 354-374
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3854
Higher Productivity in Importing German Manufacturing Firms: Self-Selection, Learning from Importing, or Both?
Alexander Vogel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2009, 145 (4), 641-665
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3842
Union Membership and Age: The Inverted U-Shape Hypothesis under Test
Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published as 'With or Without U? Testing the Hypothesis of an Inverted U-Shaped Union Membership-Age Relationship' in: Contemporary Economics, 2012, 6 (4), 28-34
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3798
Exports and Profitability: First Evidence for German Manufacturing Firms
Helmut Fryges, Joachim Wagner
published in: World Economy, 2010, 33 (3), 399-423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3681
Escaping the Unemployment Trap: The Case of East Germany
Christian Merkl, Dennis J. Snower
published in: Journal of Comparative Economics, 2008, 36 (4), 542-556
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3663
Reassessing the Wage Penalty for Temps in Germany
Elke J. Jahn
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 2010, 230 (2), 208-233
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3661
The Aging of the Unions in West Germany, 1980–2006
Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik , 2008, 228 (5-6), 497-511
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3360
Start-Up Subsidies in East Germany: Finally, a Policy that Works?
Marco Caliendo
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2009, 30(7), 625-647
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3359
Higher Wages in Exporting Firms: Self-Selection, Export Effect, or Both? First Evidence from German Linked Employer-Employee Data
Thorsten Schank, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Review of World Economics, 2010, 146 (2), 303-322
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3356
Union Density and Varieties of Coverage: The Anatomy of Union Wage Effects in Germany
Bernd Fitzenberger, Karsten Kohn, Alexander C. Lembcke
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2013, 66 (1), 169-197
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3353
Employment Stability of Entrants in Newly Founded Firms: A Matching Approach Using Linked Employer-Employee Data from Germany
Claus Schnabel, Susanne Kohaut, Udo Brixy
published in: Small Business Economics, 2011, 36(1), 85-100
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3226
Are Immigrants More Mobile Than Natives? Evidence from Germany
Matthias Schündeln
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3194
Der Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland: Zwischen Strukturreformen und sozialpolitischem Reflex
Werner Eichhorst
published in: Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik, 2008, 62 (2), 17-30
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