The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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287 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18093
Trapped in Purgatory? The Impact of Divorce Laws on Women’s Welfare with Separation
Paula Calvo, Murat Iyigun, Jeanne Lafortune
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17916
Motherhood and Informality: Empirical Evidence from Russia
Arlan Musayir, Reza Arabsheibani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17911
Gender Norms and Female Labor Supply: Evidence from Export Shocks in Vietnam
Quynh Huynh, Hyejin Ku
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17903
Empowerment Paradox? The Long-Run Impact of a Cycling Program for Girls in Zambia
Ana Garcia-Hernandez, Nishith Prakash, Janina Isabel Steinert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17883
Women’s Mobility and Labor Supply: Experimental Evidence from Pakistan
Robert Garlick, Erica Field, Kate Vyborny
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17689
Guaranteed Employment in Rural India: Intra-Household Labor and Resource Allocation Consequences
Jorge Luis García
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603
Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies
Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17558
Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?
Francine D. Blau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17450
Female Empowerment and Male Backlash: Experimental Evidence from India
Claire Cullen, Sarthak Joshi, Joseph Vecci, Julia Talbot-Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17434
Gender Differences in Preferences for Flexible Work Hours: Experimental Evidence from an Online Freelancing Platform
Rakesh Banerjee, Tushar Bharati, Adnan Fakir, Yiwei Qian, Naveen Sunder
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17429
Can Children's Education Enhance Formal Female Labor Force Participation?
Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Gunnar Poppe Yanez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17419
Income and Fertility of Female College Graduates in the United States
Zhengyu Cai, John V. Winters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17391
Family Planning and Ethnic Heritage: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico, Chiara Falco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17368
The Demand-Side Story: Structural Change and the Decline in Female Labour Force Participation in India
Ashwini Deshpande, Jitendra Singh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17281
Aggregate Implications of Barriers to Female Entrepreneurship
Gaurav Chiplunkar, Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17250
The Cultural Role of Rice Cultivation in Female Workforce Participation in India
Gautam Hazarika
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17238
The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit
Gabrielle Pepin
published in: ILR Review, 2025, 78 (4), 645-666
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17194
Fast Internet, Women Identity, and Female Genital Mutilation
Jorge Garcia-Hombrados, Daniel Pérez-Parra, Ricardo Ciacci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17175
Can Term Limits Accelerate Women's Access to Top Political Positions? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Italy
Carolina Kansikas, Manuel Bagues
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17143
How Important Are Mental and Physical Health in Career and Family Choices?
Guido Cozzi, Noemi Mantovan, Robert M. Sauer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17118
Female Employment and Structural Transformation
Moritz Kuhn, Iourii Manovskii, Xincheng Qiu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17106
Employment Booms and Infant Health: Evidence from the Ready-Made Garment Sector in Bangladesh
Mahima Vasishth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17103
Gender Gaps across the Spectrum of Development: Local Talent and Firm Productivity
Nava Ashraf, Oriana Bandiera, Virginia Minni, Víctor Quintas-Martínez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17021
To Improve Is to Change? The Effects of Risk Rating 2.0 on Flood Insurance Demand
Francesc Ortega, Ivan Petkov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16973
The Economic Consequences of Being Widowed by War: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Sebastian Till Braun, Jan Stuhler
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2024, 239, 16973
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16922
Flood Risk and Insurance Take-up in the Flood Zone and Its Periphery
Ivan Petkov, Francesc Ortega
published as 'Learning from experience: Flooding and insurance take-up in the flood zone and its periphery' in: Journal of Risk and Insurance, 2025, 92 (2), 312-356
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16641
Female Headship and Poverty in the Arab Region: Analysis of Trends and Dynamics Based on a New Typology
Shireen AlAzzawi, Hai-Anh H Dang, Vladimir Hlasny, Kseniya Abanokova, Jere R. Behrman
forthcoming in: Social Indicators Research, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16639
Can Effective Policy Implementation Alter Political Selection? Evidence from Female Legislators in India
S Anukriti, Rossella Calvi, Abhishek Chakravarty
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16617
Female Board Representation and Corporate Performance: A Review and New Estimates for Australia
Nicholas Bayly, Robert Breunig, Chris Wokker
published in: Economic Record, 2024, 100 (330), 386-417
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16557
Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice, and If So Why?
Mette Gørtz, Sarah Sander, Almudena Sevilla
published as 'Does the Child Penalty Strike Twice?' in: European Economic Review, 2025, 172, 104942
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545
Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China
Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545
Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China
Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16539
Educate Some to Represent Many? Education and Female Political Representation in Europe
Luna Bellani, Marisa Hidalgo-Hidalgo
revised version published as 'Bridging the Gender Gap: Women’s Education and Political Representation' in: Economics of Education Review, 2025, 104, 102605
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16383
Female Leadership and Workplace Climate
Sule Alan, Gozde Corekcioglu, Mustafa Kaba, Matthias Sutter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16378
The Short and Medium Term Effects of Full-Day Schooling on Learning and Maternal Labor Supply
Giulia Bovini, Niccolò Cattadori, Marta De Philippis, Paolo Sestito
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16277
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic Recession on Less Educated Women's Human Capital: Some Projections
Mark Drozd, Robert A. Moffitt, Xinyu Zhao
published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2024, 42 (2), 289–323
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16178
Will Childcare Subsidies Increase the Labour Supply of Mothers in Ireland?
Karina Doorley, Dora Tuda, Luke Duggan
published in: Fiscal Studies, 2025, 46 (2), 239-259
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16174
Reconciling Estimates of the Long-Term Earnings Effect of Fertility
Simon Bensnes, Ingrid Huitfeldt, Edwin Leuven
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16148
Husbands' Wages and Married Women's Labor Supply in Urban China
Mengbing Zhu, Yi Li, Chunbing Xing
published in: China Economic Review, 2023, 82, 102609.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16136
Women's Transitions in the Labour Market as a Result of Childbearing: The Challenges of Formal Sector Employment in Indonesia
Lisa A. Cameron, Diana Contreras Suarez, Yi-Ping Tseng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16006
Social Norms and Female Labor Force Participation in Bangladesh: The Role of Social Expectations and Reference Networks
Luna Bellani, Kumar Biswas, Sebastian Fehrler, Paul Marx, Shwetlena Sabarwal, Syed Rashed Al-Zayed Josh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15847
Towing Norms through the American Dream
Pavel Jelnov
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15836
The Effect of Pension Wealth on Employment
Sebastian Becker, Hermann Buslei, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15789
Culture and the Labor Supply of Female Immigrants
Julia Bredtmann, Sebastian Otten
published in: Economic Inquiry, 2023, 61 (2), 282-300
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15639
Women's Careers and Family Formation
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Selma Walther
published in: Klaus. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15518
Manufacturing Employment and Women's Agency: Evidence from Lesotho 2004-2014
Louise Grogan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15453
Female Labor Market Opportunities and Gender Gaps in Aspirations
Teresa Molina, Emiko Usui
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2023, 211, 165-187
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15419
Technological Progress, Occupational Structure and Gender Gaps in the German Labour Market
Ronald Bachmann, Myrielle Gonschor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15411
Mending the Gap: Apparel Export Prices and the Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh
Raymond Robertson, Deeksha Kokas, Diego Cardozo Medeiros, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15395
Women's Political Representation and Intimate Partner Violence
S Anukriti, Bilge Erten, Priya Mukherjee
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