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The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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138 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18180
Stress Perception of Higher Education Students: A Socioeconomic Analysis of Stress-Related Demands and Resources During Two Different Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dennis H. Meier, Stephan L. Thomsen, Martina Kroher
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18057
Beyond Income: Understanding Preferences for Redistribution Among the Top 1%
Matías Strehl-Pessina, Marcelo Bergolo, Martin Leites
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17855
The Impact of Regional Identity on Hiring Chances: An Experiment Examining Employer Bias
Louise Devos, Louis Lippens, Dagmar Claus, Stijn Baert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17807
Gender, Perceived Discrimination and the Overruling of Roe v. Wade
Núria Rodríguez-Planas, Alan Secor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17769
Social Gaps, Perceived Inequality and Protests
Olivier B. Bargain, Holguer Xavier Jara Tamayo, David Rivera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17761
Feedback, Confidence and Job Search Behavior
Tsegay Tekleselassie, Marc J. Witte, Jonas Radbruch, Lukas Hensel, Ingo E. Isphording
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17687
Revisiting the Dunning-Kruger Effect: Composite Measures and Heterogeneity by Gender
Anna Adamecz, Radina Ilieva, Nikki Shure
published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2025, 116, 102362
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17687
Revisiting the Dunning-Kruger Effect: Composite Measures and Heterogeneity by Gender
Anna Adamecz, Radina Ilieva, Nikki Shure
published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2025, 116, 102362
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17278
The Perceived Impact of Immigration on Native Workers' Labour Market Outcomes
Bernd Hayo, Duncan H.W. Roth
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2024, 85, 102610
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17033
The Underconfidence Wage Penalty
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17033
The Underconfidence Wage Penalty
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17014
A Hands-on Machine Learning Primer for Social Scientists: Math, Algorithms and Code
Nikos Askitas
test
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16905
Gini Who? The Relationship between Inequality Perceptions and Life Satisfaction
Daniele Marchesi, Milena Nikolova, Viola Angelini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16838
Healthcare Quality and Dementia Risk
José M. Aravena, Xi Chen, Becca R. Levy
published as 'Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia' in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024, 72 (7), 2126-2132
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16818
Disparities in Psychological Traits and Income: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the U.S.
Aurelie Dariel, John C. Ham, Nikos Nikiforakis, Jan Stoop
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16802
Does a Tragic Event Affect Different Aspects of Attitudes toward Immigration?
Odelia Heizler (Cohen), Osnat Israeli
published in: Migration Studies, 2025, 13 (1), mnae001
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16519
Forced Labor and Health-Related Outcomes. The Case of Beggar Children
Nick Drydakis
published in: Child Abuse and Neglect, 2023, 146,:106490
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16484
Does Economic Freedom Moderate Perceived Corruption for Firms in India?
Nabamita Dutta, Saibal Kar, Adam Stivers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16351
Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin
Steven J. Davis, Pawel M. Krolikowski
published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (2), 491 - 524
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16345
Effects of E-commerce on Local Labor Markets
Anahid Bauer, Sofía Fernández Guerrico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16283
Persistent Overconfidence and Biased Memory: Evidence from Managers
David B. Huffman, Collin Raymond, Julia Shvets
published in: American Economic Review, 2022, 112 (10), 3141–3175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16268
What Makes Hiring Difficult? Evidence from Linked Survey-Administrative Data
Antoine Bertheau, Birthe Larsen, Zeyu Zhao
this version: December 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16246
Proud to Not Own Stocks: How Identity Shapes Financial Decisions
Luca Henkel, Christian Zimpelmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16180
Overconfident Boys: The Gender Gap in Mathematics Self-Assessment
Anna Adamecz, John Jerrim, Jean-Baptiste Pingault, Nikki Shure
published as 'Peers, parents, and self-perceptions: the gender gap in mathematics self-assessment' in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 33 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16108
The Long-Term Causal Effects of Winning an ERC Grant
Corinna Ghirelli, Enkelejda Havari, Elena Claudia Meroni, Stefano Verzillo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15934
Cognitive Misperception and Chronic Disease Awareness: Evidence from Blood Biomarker Data
Zhuoer Lin, Mingqi Fu, Xi Chen
published as 'Self-perceived memory is negatively associated with chronic disease awareness: Evidence from blood biomarker data' in: SSM - Population Health, 2023, 22, 101361
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15682
Motivated Belief Updating and Rationalization of Information
Christoph Drobner, Sebastian J. Goerg
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15673
Income Misperception and Populism
Thilo N. H. Albers, Felix Kersting, Fabian Kosse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15347
The Perceived Social Rejection of Sexual Minorities: Substance Use and Unprotected Sexual Intercourse
Nick Drydakis
published in: Drug and Alcohol Review, 2022, 41 (6), 1341-1354.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15322
Preferences and Perceptions in Provision and Maintenance Public Goods
Simon Gächter, Felix Kölle, Simone Quercia
revised version published in: Games and Economic Behavior, 2022, 135, 338-355.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15307
Perceived Returns to Job Search
Abi Adams-Prassl, Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Christopher Rauh
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 80, 102307
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15145
The Gender Gap in Top Jobs – The Role of Overconfidence
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102283
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14987
Self-Control and Unhealthy Body Weight: The Role of Impulsivity and Restraint
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2023, 50, 101263
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14905
"The Better You Feel, the Harder You Fall": Health Perception Biases and Mental Health among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Peng Nie, Lu Wang, Davide Dragone, Haiyang Lu, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 71, 101708
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14905
"The Better You Feel, the Harder You Fall": Health Perception Biases and Mental Health among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Peng Nie, Lu Wang, Davide Dragone, Haiyang Lu, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 71, 101708
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14905
"The Better You Feel, the Harder You Fall": Health Perception Biases and Mental Health among Chinese Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Peng Nie, Lu Wang, Davide Dragone, Haiyang Lu, Alfonso Sousa-Poza, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 71, 101708
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14663
Parental Responses to Children's Achievement Test Results
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Tiffany Ho, Nicolás Salamanca
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14663
Parental Responses to Children's Achievement Test Results
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Tiffany Ho, Nicolás Salamanca
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14373
Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from Business Majors
Patricia Cortes, Jessica Pan, Laura Pilossoph, Basit Zafar
published as 'Gender Differences in Job Search and the Earnings Gap: Evidence from the Field and Lab' in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2023, 138 (4), 2069–2126
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14351
Formation of College Plans: Expected Returns, Preferences and Adjustment Process
Ghazala Azmat, Katja Maria Kaufmann
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2024, 22 (2), 669–711
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14270
Happiness, Domains of Life Satisfaction, Perceptions, and Valuation Differences Across Genders
Stefani Milovanska-Farrington, Stephen Farrington
published in: Acta Psychologica, 2022, 230, 103720
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14167
Selection and Endogenous Treatment Models with Social Interactions: An Application to the Impact of Exercise on Self-Esteem
Zhongjian Lin, Francis Vella
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14155
Why Do Migrants Stay Unexpectedly? Misperceptions and Implications for Integration
Marc Kaufmann, Joël Machado, Bertrand Verheyden
substantially revised version published in: Journal of Mathematical Economics, 2025, 117, 103099.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14087
Immigration, Crime, and Crime (Mis)Perceptions
Nicolas Ajzenman, Patricio Dominguez-Rivera, Raimundo Undurraga
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14058
Quality and Price Setting of High-Tech Goods
Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Oleksandr Talavera, Nam Vu
published in: Economic Modelling, 2021, 98, 69 - 85
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13894
Big Five Personality Traits and Sex
Uwe Jirjahn, Martha Ottenbacher
revised version published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36, 549 - 580
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13793
Search Costs and the Determinants of Job Search
Emily A. Beam
published in: Labour Economics, 2021, 69, 101968
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13723
How People Know Their Risk Preference
Ruben C. Arslan, Martin Brümmer, Thomas Dohmen, Johanna Drewelies, Ralph Hertwig, Gert G. Wagner
published in: Scientific Reports, 2020, 10, 15365
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13637
Where Do I Stand? Assessing Researchers' Beliefs about Their Relative Productivity
Marco Bertoni, Giorgio Brunello, Daniele Checchi, Lorenzo Rocco
published as 'Where do I stand? Assessing researchers' beliefs about their productivity' in: Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 2021, 185, 61-80
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13625
Modern Infectious Diseases: Macroeconomic Impacts and Policy Responses
David E. Bloom, Michael Kuhn, Klaus Prettner
published in: Journal of Economic Literature, 2022, 60 (1), 85–131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13560
Socially Optimal Mistakes? Debiasing COVID-19 Mortality Risk Perceptions and Prosocial Behavior
Martin Abel, Tanya Byker, Jeffrey P. Carpenter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13517
Overconfidence and Gender Differences in Wage Expectations
Stephanie Briel, Aderonke Osikominu, Gregor Pfeifer, Mirjam Reutter, Sascha Satlukal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13463
Gender Inequality in COVID-19 Times: Evidence from UK Prolific Participants
Sonia Oreffice, Climent Quintana-Domeque
revised version published in: Journal of Demographic Economics, 2021, 87 (2), 261-287
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13308
Biased Health Perceptions and Risky Health Behaviors: Theory and Evidence
Patrick Arni, Davide Dragone, Lorenz Götte, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2021, 76, 102425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13308
Biased Health Perceptions and Risky Health Behaviors: Theory and Evidence
Patrick Arni, Davide Dragone, Lorenz Götte, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2021, 76, 102425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13308
Biased Health Perceptions and Risky Health Behaviors: Theory and Evidence
Patrick Arni, Davide Dragone, Lorenz Götte, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2021, 76, 102425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13308
Biased Health Perceptions and Risky Health Behaviors: Theory and Evidence
Patrick Arni, Davide Dragone, Lorenz Götte, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2021, 76, 102425
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13273
Drinking Is Different! Examining the Role of Locus of Control for Alcohol Consumption
Marco Caliendo, Juliane Hennecke
revised version published in: Empirical Economics, 2022, 63, 2785 - 2815
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13144
A Natural Experiment on Job Insecurity and Fertility in France
Andrew E. Clark, Anthony Lepinteur
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2022, 104, 386-398
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12945
Self-Perceptions about Academic Achievement: Evidence from Mexico City
Matteo Bobba, Veronica Frisancho
published in: Journal of Econometrics, 2022, 231 (1), 58 - 73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12899
Time Spent Exercising and Obesity: An Application of Lewbel's Instrumental Variables Method
Charles Courtemanche, Joshua C. Pinkston, Jay Stewart
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2021, 41, 100940
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12618
Analyzing the Perceptions of Egyptian Youth about the Arab Spring
Ali Fakih, Pascal L. Ghazalian
published in: International Journal of Social Economics, 2021, 48 (1), 1658-1676
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12338
Math Scores in High Stakes Grades
Giorgio Brunello, David Kiss
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2022, 82, 102219
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12282
Bullshitters. Who Are They and What Do We Know about Their Lives?
John Jerrim, Phil Parker, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12095
Measuring the Spatial Misallocation of Labor: The Returns to India-Gulf Guest Work in a Natural Experiment
Michael A. Clemens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11942
Leveraging Patients' Social Networks to Overcome Tuberculosis Underdetection: A Field Experiment in India
Jessica Goldberg, Mario Macis, Pradeep Chintagunta
published as 'Incentivized Peer Referrals for Tuberculosis Screening: Evidence from India' in: American Economic Review: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (1), 259 - 291
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11709
Disease Control and Inequality Reduction: Evidence from a Tuberculosis Testing and Vaccination Campaign
Aline Bütikofer, Kjell G. Salvanes
published in: Review of Economic Studies, 2020, 87 (5), 2087–2125
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11644
Salience of Law Enforcement: A Field Experiment
Robert Dur, Ben Vollaard
published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2019, 93, 208-220
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11589
Do Walmart Supercenters Improve Food Security?
Charles Courtemanche, Art Carden, Xilin Zhou, Murugi Ndirangu
published in: Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 2019, 41 (2), 177-198
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11564
Looking at the Bright Side: The Motivation Value of Overconfidence
Si Chen, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
published in: European Economic Review, 2019, 120, 103302
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11491
News Media and Crime Perceptions: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Nicola Mastrorocco, Luigi Minale
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2018, 165, 230-255
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11302
The Effect of the First Italian Research Evaluation Exercise on Student Enrolment Choices
Daniele Biancardi, Massimiliano Bratti
revised version published in: Economics of Education Review, 2019, 69, 73-93
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10874
Can Financial Incentives Help People Trying to Establish New Habits? Experimental Evidence with New Gym Members
Mariana Carrera, Heather Royer, Mark Stehr, Justin Syndor
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2018, 58, 202 -214
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10874
Can Financial Incentives Help People Trying to Establish New Habits? Experimental Evidence with New Gym Members
Mariana Carrera, Heather Royer, Mark Stehr, Justin Syndor
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2018, 58, 202 -214
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10854
Perception of Corruption and Public Support for Redistribution in Latin America
Esther Hauk, Mónica Oviedo, Xavier Ramos
published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2022, 74, 102174
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10794
Worker Overconfidence: Field Evidence and Implications for Employee Turnover and Returns from Training
Mitchell Hoffman, Stephen V. Burks
revised version published in: Quantitative Economics, 2020, 11(1), 315-348
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10787
Sir! I'd Rather Go to School, Sir!
Mahdi Majbouri
forthcoming in: Economic Development and Cultural Change
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10611
Estimating the Relationship between Skill and Overconfidence
Jan Feld, Jan Sauermann, Andries de Grip
published in: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 2017, 68, 18-24
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10590
Was the First Public Health Campaign Successful? The Tuberculosis Movement and its Effect on Mortality
D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Claudio Las Heras Olivares, Daniel I. Rees
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019, 11 (2), 143-175
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10577
I Can't Get No Satisfaction: The Power of Perceived Differences in Employee Retention and Turnover
Deniz Gevrek, Marilyn Spencer, David Hudgins, Valrie Chambers
published in: Personnel Review, 2017, 46(5), 1019-1043.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10545
True Overconfidence, Revealed through Actions: An Experiment
Stephen L. Cheung, Lachlan Johnstone
revised version forthcoming in: Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10407
Locus of Control and Investment in Risky Assets
Nicolás Salamanca, Andries de Grip, Didier Fouarge, Raymond Montizaan
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 177, 548-568
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10283
Using Goals to Motivate College Students: Theory and Evidence from Field Experiments
Damon Clark, David Gill, Victoria L. Prowse, Mark Rush
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2020, 102 (4), 648-663
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10209
The Analysis of Prison-Prisoner Data Using Cluster-Sample Econometrics: Prison Conditions and Prisoners' Assessments of the Future
Horst Entorf, Liliya Sattarova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10136
Money or Fun? Why Students Want to Pursue Further Education
Chris Belfield, Teodora Boneva, Christopher Rauh, Jonathan Shaw
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9971
Coerced Labor in the Cotton Sector: How Global Commodity Prices (Don't) Transmit to the Poor
Alexander M. Danzer, Robert Grundke
published as 'Export price shocks and rural labor markets: The role of labor market distortions' in: Journal of Development Economics, 2020, 145, 102464
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9804
The Impact of Television Programmes on Teenage Career Aspirations The 'MasterChef Effect'
Giorgio Di Pietro
revised version published as 'Do media play a role in promoting vocational education and training? The case of MasterChef' in: Policy Studies, 2018, 39 (1), 37-53
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9651
Social Insurance with Competitive Insurance Markets and Risk Misperception
Helmuth Cremer, Kerstin Roeder
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2017, 146, 138-147.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9579
The Individual Perception of Wage Inequality: A Measurement Framework and Some Empirical Evidence
Andreas Kuhn
revised version published as `The Individual (Mis-)Perception of Wage Inequality: Measurement, Correlates and Implications' in: Empirical Economics, 2020, 59, 2039-2069
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9579
The Individual Perception of Wage Inequality: A Measurement Framework and Some Empirical Evidence
Andreas Kuhn
revised version published as `The Individual (Mis-)Perception of Wage Inequality: Measurement, Correlates and Implications' in: Empirical Economics, 2020, 59, 2039-2069
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9481
Overconfidence and Health Insurance Participation among the Elderly
Wei Huang, Mi Luo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9406
The Subversive Nature of Inequality: Subjective Inequality Perceptions and Attitudes to Social Inequality
Andreas Kuhn
revised and shortened version published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2019, 59, 331-344
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9335
Earmarking and the Political Support of Fat Taxes
Helmuth Cremer, Catarina Goulão, Kerstin Roeder
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2016, 50, 258-267.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9334
Individual Poverty Paths and the Stability of Control-Perception
Hendrik Thiel, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9100
Misperceiving Inequality
Vladimir Gimpelson, Daniel Treisman
published in: Economics and Politics, 2018, 30 (1), 27 - 54
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9038
Street Prostitution Zones and Crime
Paul Bisschop, Stephen Kastoryano, Bas van der Klaauw
published in: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2017, 9 (4), 28-63
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8880
Wish You Were Here? Quasi-Experimental Evidence on the Effect of Education on Attitude toward Immigrants
Beatrice d'Hombres, Luca Nunziata
revised version publishd in: European Economic Review, 2016, 90, 201 - 224
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8829
The Objective Measurement of World-Leading Research
Andrew J. Oswald
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8791
Anonymity, Efficiency Wages and Technological Progress
Stephen Broadberry, Sayantan Ghosal, Eugenio Proto
published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2017, 127 (C), 379-394.
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