The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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529 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18210
A Change Is Gonna Come: Universality, Stability, and Shocks in Personality Traits in Rural India
Arnaud Natal, Christophe Jalil Nordman
forthcoming in: The Journal of Development Studies, 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18203
Shaped by Urban-Rural Divide and Skill: The Drivers of Internal Mobility in Italy
Angela Stefania Bergantino, Antonello Clemente, Stefano Iandolo, Riccardo Turati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18187
Working from Home and Mental Health: Giving Employees a Choice Does Make a Difference
Uwe Jirjahn, Cinzia Rienzo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18180
Stress Perception of Higher Education Students: A Socioeconomic Analysis of Stress-Related Demands and Resources During Two Different Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Dennis H. Meier, Stephan L. Thomsen, Martina Kroher
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18160
A Tale of Two Startups: The Loss and Gain of Startups in the U.S. Economy in the Pandemic
Robert W. Fairlie, Frank M. Fossen, Ke Lyu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18151
COVID-19 Induced Asian Discrimination and Health: What Can We Learn from Reported Health Status?
Abdihafit Shaeye, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18088
The Labour Market Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Individuals with Disabilities: The Case of Ireland
Elish Kelly, Bertrand Maitre
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18020
Determinants and Effects of Remote Work Arrangements: Evidence from an Employer Survey
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, John Hartley, Graham King, Hui Ming
forthcoming in: Asia-Pacific Journal of Human Resource Management, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18016
School Enrollment Shifts Five Years After the Pandemic
Abigail Francis, Joshua Goodman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 18004
Childcare as Infrastructure: The Impact of COVID-19 on Childcare and Gender Equity
Alicia Sasser Modestino, Zachary Finn, Jamie Ladge, Alisa Lincoln
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17992
The Demographic Impact of Leadership: Mayoral Education and COVID-19 Excess Mortality in Italy
Francesco Mattioli, Alessandra Minello, Tommaso Nannicini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17975
A New Equilibrium: COVID-19 Lockdowns and WFH Persistence
Laura Ketter, Todd Morris, Lizi Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17943
Weathering the Storms? Minimum-Income Benefits as a Crisis Response
Herwig Immervoll, Felizia Pasteiner
also available in: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers series
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17932
Well-Being, Isolation, and Lockdowns in the UK
José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17915
COVID-19 and Subjective Well-Being in the United States: Age Matters
Younghwan Song
published in: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2025, 26, 84 (2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17902
Enrollment Declines and Permanent Closures in Public Schools
Sofoklis Goulas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17846
Firm-Level Technology Adoption in Times of Crisis
Melanie Arntz, Michael Johannes Böhm, Georg Graetz, Terry Gregory, Florian Lehmer, Cäcilia Lipowski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17784
Comment on “Food Insecurity and Mental Health of Women During COVID-19: Evidence from a Developing Country” by Rahman et al.
Lenka Fiala, Anders Kjelsrud, Essi Kujansuu, Abel Brodeur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17783
A Comment on “Raising Health Awareness in Rural Communities: A Randomized Experiment in Bangladesh and India” by Siddique et al. (2024)
Anders Kjelsrud, Andreas Kotsadam, Ole Rogeberg, Abel Brodeur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17782
A Comment on “Improving Women’s Mental Health During a Pandemic”
Abel Brodeur, Lenka Fiala, Jack Fitzgerald, Essi Kujansuu, David Valenta, Ole Rogeberg, Gunther Bensch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17756
The Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Labour Market Outcomes of Recent Immigrants to Canada
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Viet Hoang Ha, Hui Ming
forthcoming in: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17755
The Learning Crisis in the United States Three Years After COVID-19
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Maciej Jakubowski, Tomasz Gajderowicz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17710
What Happened When California Suspended Bail during COVID?
Deepak Premkumar, Andrew Skelton, Magnus Lofstrom, Sean Cremin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17694
Estimating the Effect of Working from Home on Parents' Division of Childcare and Housework: A New Panel IV Approach
Simone Schüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17662
The Mental Health Effects of Living near Overburdened Hospitals During COVID-19 in Perú
Jose C. Galdo, Cesar Contreras, Marjorie Horna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17599
On Grade Option Choice and Grade Performance Expectation When Instruction Goes Virtual – The Role of Peers at a Distance
Arnab K. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Yudi Wang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17584
Inequality in the Economics Profession
Karan Singhal, Eva Sierminska
forthcoming in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17550
The Learning Crisis: Three Years After COVID-19
Tomasz Gajderowicz, Maciej Jakubowski, Alec Kennedy, Christian Christrup, Harry Anthony Patrinos, Rolf Strietholt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17545
Remote Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from a Three-Level Survey of Italian Schools
Andrea Caria, Adriana Di Liberto, Sara Pau
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17533
Economic Preferences Predict COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions and Behavior
Silvia Angerer, Helena Antonie Baier, Daniela Glätzle-Rützler, Philipp Lergetporer, Thomas Rittmannsberger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17471
Baby Bumps and Abortion Drop: Unpacking Fertility Trends During COVID-19 in Germany
Martin Bujard, Mathias Huebener
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17413
Teleworking and Travel Purposes: UK Evidence after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ignacio Belloc, José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17405
Do Women Pay for Working from Home? Exploring Gender Gaps in Pay and Wellbeing by Work Location in the UK Cohort Studies
Bożena Wielgoszewska, Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi, David Wilkinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17371
School Closures and Parental Labor Supply: Differential Effects of Anticipated and Unanticipated Closures
Sofia Schroeter, Rafael Lalive, Kalaivani Karunanethy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17361
Consumption Expenditures in Austria & Germany: New Evidence Based on Transactional Data
Winfried Koeniger, Peter Kress, Jonas Lehmann
revised version published online in: German Economic Review, 28 July 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17350
Employee Performance and Mental Well-Being: The Mitigating Effects of Transformational Leadership During Crisis
Kristina Czura, Florian Englmaier, Hoa Ho, Lisa Spantig
published online in: Management Science, 6 Aug 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17313
The Returns to Education over Time and the Effect of COVID-19
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17268
Economic Shocks and Worker Careers: Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Transitions Out of Unemployment?
Mara Buhmann, Laura Pohlan, Duncan H.W. Roth
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17235
Intersectional Analysis of the Labour Market Impacts of COVID: The Triple-Whammy of Females, Children, and Lower Skill
Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Viet Hoang Ha, Hui Ming
published online as 'Intersectional analysis of the labour market impacts of COVID on women with young children and in low-skilled jobs' in: International Journal of Manpower, 19 September 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17223
Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Five European Countries
Anthony Lepinteur, Alessio Rebechi, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Nicholas Rohde, Claus Vögele
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024, 55, 101427
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17222
When Do Ordinal Ability Rank Effects Emerge? Evidence from the Timing of School Closures
Marco Bertoni, Saeideh Parkam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17173
Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: The Role of Study Time and Class Recordings on University Students' Performance during COVID-19
Chiara Binelli, Simona Lorena Comi, Elena Meschi, Laura Pagani
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 225, 305-328
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17151
Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Benjamin Elsner, Manvi Jindal, Massimiliano Mascherini, Sanna Nivakoski
forthcoming in: Economic and Social Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17139
Pandemic Layoffs and the Role of Stay-at-Home Orders
Marianna Kudlyak, Erin L. Wolcott
published in: Economics Letters, 2024, 242, 111894
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17049
Wages and Employment in the Netherlands, 2017-2023
Iris Klinker, Bas ter Weel
published in: De Economist, 2024, 172 (3), 233-256
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17001
The Impacts of COVID-19 on Female Labor Force Participation in Iran
Hai-Anh H Dang, Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, Minh N.N. Do
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16985
Navigating Educational Disruptions: The Gender Divide in Parental Involvement and Children's Learning Outcomes
Matías Ciaschi, Johanna Fajardo-Gonzalez, Mariana Viollaz
published online in: Review of Economics of the Household, 08 November 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16971
COVID-19 Lockdown, Home Environment, Lifestyles, and Mental Health among Preschoolers in China
Yuting Zhang, Jin Zhao, Zhangsheng Yu, Guanghai Wang, Jun Zhang, Fan Jiang, Saishuang Wu, Yue Zhang, Donglan Zhang, Xi Chen
published in: Children and Youth Services Review, 2024, 161, 107654
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16963
Can Awareness Reduce (and Reverse) Identity-Driven Bias in Judgement? Evidence from International Cricket
Subhasish M Chowdhury, Sarah Jewell, Carl Singleton
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 226, 106697.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16939
COVID-19 and Political Preferences through Stages of the Pandemic: The Case of the Czech Republic
Alena Bičáková, Štepán Jurajda
published online as 'Political Preferences Through Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic' in: Political Research Quarterly, 12 March 2025
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