The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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1,996 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17233
Sharing Is Caring: Employee Stock Ownership Plans and Employee Well-Being in U.S. Manufacturing
Adrianto Adrianto, Avner Ben-Ner, Jason Sockin, Ainhoa Urtasun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17231
Entrepreneurs: Clueless, Biased, Poor Heuristics, or Bayesian Machines?
Thomas B. Astebro, Frank M. Fossen, Cédric Gutierrez
forthcoming in: A. Agrawal et al. (eds), Bayesian Entrepreneurship, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2026
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17228
Free Schooling Reverses Sibling Rivalry
João R. Ferreira, Wayne Aaron Sandholtz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17224
Tax Incentives and Return Migration
Jacopo Bassetto, Giuseppe Ippedico
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17218
Sailing Ship Technology, Navigation and the Duration of Voyages to Australia, 1848-85
Timothy J. Hatton
published in: Economic History Review, 2025, 78 (2), 452-473
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17204
Quality and Accountability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Healthcare in Low- And Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): A Simulated Patient Study Using ChatGPT
Yafei Si, Yuyi Yang, Xi Wang, Ruopeng An, Jiaqi Zu, Xi Chen, Xiaojing Fan, Sen Gong
published as 'Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study' in: Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2024, 26, e56121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17199
Benefits and Costs of Brain and Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17199
Benefits and Costs of Brain and Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17199
Benefits and Costs of Brain and Ability Drain
Maurice Schiff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17190
The Impact of Children's Access to Public Health Insurance on Their Cognitive Development and Behavior
Marie C. Hull, Ji Yan
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 98, 102935
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17181
Unlocking Potential: Childcare Services and Refugees' Integration, Employment and Well-Being
Ludovica Gambaro, Mathias Huebener, Sophia Schmitz, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17160
The Impacts of Climate Change and Air Pollution on Children's Education Outcomes: Evidence from Vietnam
Hai-Anh H Dang, Minh N.N. Do, Cuong Viet Nguyen
published in: Economics of Education Review; 2025, 106, 102656
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17151
Gender Gaps in Time Use: Pan-European Evidence from School Closures during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Benjamin Elsner, Manvi Jindal, Massimiliano Mascherini, Sanna Nivakoski
forthcoming in: Economic and Social Review
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17149
Fused LASSO as Non-crossing Quantile Regression
Tibor Szendrei, Arnab Bhattacharjee, Mark E Schaffer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17147
Place of Birth and Cognitive Function among Older Americans: Findings from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol
Zhuoer Lin, Xi Chen
published in: Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 2024, 79 (9), gbae126,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17133
Improving Parental Investments in Children: Experimental Evidence from The Gambia
Moussa Blimpo, Pedro Carneiro, Pamela Jervis Ortiz, Nathalie Lahire, Todd Pugatch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17125
The Role of Flexible Wage Components in Gender Wage Difference
István Boza, Balázs Reizer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17116
Offshoring and the Decline of Unions
Jakob R. Munch, William W. Olney
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17112
Cognitive Abilities and the Demand for Bad Policy
Salvatore Nunnari, Eugenio Proto, Aldo Rustichini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17109
Reducing the Child Penalty by Incentivizing Maternal Part-Time Work?
Laurenz Baertsch, Malte Sandner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17105
ICT Skills and Labor Market Outcomes in India: Evidence from Cell Tower Expansion
Mehtabul Azam, M. Shahe Emran, Forhad Shilpi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17104
Timing the Transfer: Liquidity Constraints and the Transition to Clean Fuels
Farzana Afridi, Prabhat Barnwal, Shreya Sarkar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17096
What Matters for the Decision to Study Abroad? A Lab-in-the-Field Experiment in Cape Verde
Catia Batista, David M Costa, Pedro Freitas, Gonçalo Lima, Ana B Reis
pubished in: Journal of Development Economics, 2025, 173, 103401
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17078
Assessing Dishonesty in Cocoa Value Chains: Lab-in-the-Field Evidence from Middlemen in Côte D'Ivoire
Delphine Boutin, Marine Jouvin, Louis Olié
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17056
Understanding the Educational Attainment Polygenic Index and Its Interactions with SES in Determining Health in Young Adulthood
Atticus Bolyard, Peter A. Savelyev
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055
Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship
Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner
published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055
Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship
Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner
published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17043
Can Price Controls Be Optimal? The Economics of the Energy Shock in Germany
Tom Krebs, Isabella Weber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17034
Union Bargaining Power and the Amenity-Wage Tradeoff
Lorenzo Lagos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17025
Returns to Education in Australia 2001-2022
Andrew Leigh
published in: Economic Papers, 2025, 44 (1), 62-76
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17020
Putting Low Emission Zone (LEZ) to the Test: The Effect of London's LEZ on Education
Antonio Avila-Uribe, Sefi Roth, Brian Shields
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17019
Cognition, Economic Decision-Making, and Physiological Response to Indoor Carbon Dioxide: Does It Really Matter?
Stefan Flagner, Thomas Meissner, Steffen Künn, Piet Eichholtz, Nils Kok, Rick Kramer, Wouter van Marken-Lichtenbelt, Cynthia Ly, Guy Plasqui
published in: Indoor Environments, 2025, 2 (1), 100074
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17011
Ambient Air Pollution and Helping Behavior: Evidence from the Streets in Beijing
Simon Chang, Ishita Chatterjee, Li Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17006
Proud to Belong: The Impact of Ethics Training on Police Officers in Ghana
Donna Harris, Oana Borcan, Danila Serra, Henry Telli, Bruno Schettini, Stefan Dercon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16965
The Effect of Ukrainian Refugees on the Local Labour Markets: The Case of Czechia
Agnieszka Postepska, Anastasiia Voloshyna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16962
The Effect of Conflict on Refugees' Return and Integration: Evidence from Ukraine
Joop Adema, Cevat Giray Aksoy, Yvonne Giesing, Panu Poutvaara
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16948
The Political Economy of AI: Towards Democratic Control of the Means of Prediction
Maximilian Kasy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16948
The Political Economy of AI: Towards Democratic Control of the Means of Prediction
Maximilian Kasy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16948
The Political Economy of AI: Towards Democratic Control of the Means of Prediction
Maximilian Kasy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16945
Students' Grit and Their Post-compulsory Educational Choices and Trajectories: Evidence from Switzerland
Janine Albiez, Maurizio Strazzeri, Stefan C. Wolter
published online in: , 16 September 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16944
Algorithmic Bias and Racial Inequality: A Critical Review
Maximilian Kasy
published in: Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2024, 40 (3), 530–546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16942
Time of Change: Health Effects of Motherhood
Fabian T. Dehos, Marie Elina Paul, Wiebke Schäfer, Karolin Süß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16932
The Big Shift in Working Arrangements: Eight Ways Unusual
Steven J. Davis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16921
War, International Spillovers, and Adolescents: Evidence from Russia's Invasion of Ukraine in 2022
Thomas Siedler, Silke Anger, Bernhard Christoph, Agata Galkiewicz, Shushanik Margaryan, Frauke Peter, Malte Sandner
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 224, 181-193
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16919
The Impact of Hiring Costs for Skilled Workers on Apprenticeship Training: A Comparative Study
Manuel Aepli, Samuel Mühlemann, Harald Pfeifer, Jürg Schweri, Felix Wenzelmann, Stefan C. Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16911
On the Asymmetrical Sensitivity of the Distribution of Real Wages to Business Cycle Fluctuations
Rodrigo Barrela, Eduardo Costa, Pedro Portugal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16889
Emissions from Military Training: Evidence from Australia
Wang-Sheng Lee, Trang My Tran
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16883
The Use of Performance Appraisals and Employees' Presenteeism Behavior
Christian Grund, Anna Nießen
forthcoming: British Journal of Industrial Relations
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16877
Beliefs That Entertain
Ashvin Gandhi, Paola Giuliano, Eric Guan, Quinn Keefer, Chase McDonald, Michaela Pagel, Joshua Tasoff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16870
Slouching Towards Decentralization. An Equilibrium Approach for Collective Bargaining.
Gabriele Cardullo
published online in: Italian Economic Journal, 28 February 2025
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