The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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78 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17709
Political Spillovers of Worker Representation: With or Without Workplace Democracy?
Uwe Jirjahn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17688
The Labor Market Effects of Pregnancy Accommodation Laws
Emily Battaglia, Jessica H. Brown
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17685
Non-compete Agreements: Human Capital Investments or Compensated Wages?
Naomi Kodama, Ryo Kambayashi, Atsuko Izumi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17397
Colorism and Immigrant Earnings in the United States, 2015–2024
Joni Hersch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17034
Union Bargaining Power and the Amenity-Wage Tradeoff
Lorenzo Lagos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16929
International Immigration and Labor Regulation
Adam Levai, Riccardo Turati
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16882
Incentives to Comply with the Minimum Wage in the US and UK
Anna Stansbury
published as 'Incentives to Comply with the Minimum Wage in the United States and the United Kingdom' in: ILR Review, 2024, 78 (1), 190-216
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16621
Minimum Wage Non-compliance: The Role of Co-determination
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
substantially revised version published online in: European Journal of Law and Economics, 14 September 2024,
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16496
The Impact of Restricting Fixed-Term Contracts on Labor and Skill Demand
Giuseppe Grasso, Konstantinos Tatsiramos
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16023
The Limitations of Overtime Limits to Reduce Long Working Hours: Evidence from the 2018-2021 Working Time Reform in Korea
Stéphane Carcillo, Alexander Hijzen, Stefan Thewissen
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (1), 98-126
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15542
Understanding Labor Market Discrimination against Transgender People: Evidence from a Double List Experiment and a Survey
Billur Aksoy, Christopher S. Carpenter, Dario Sansone
published in: Management Science, 2024, 71 (1), 659-677.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15324
The Short- And Longer-Term Effects of a Child Labor Ban
Caio Piza, André Portela Souza, Patrick M. Emerson, Vivian Amorim
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (2), 351–370
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14729
Employer Sanctions: A Policy with a Pitfall?
Oded Stark, Marcin Jakubek
published in: Robert M. Sauer (ed.): World Scientific Handbook of Global Migration Volume 1: Immigration and the Labor Market: A Global View of Assimilation and its Aftermath, 2024, 205–223
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14634
Systemic Discrimination among Large U.S. Employers
Patrick Kline, Evan K. Rose, Christopher R. Walters
published in: Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2022, 137 (4), 1963 - 2036
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14465
What Does Codetermination Do?
Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy, Benjamin Schoefer
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (4), 857-890.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14250
Gender, Crime and Punishment: Evidence from Women Police Stations in India
Sofia Amaral, Sonia R. Bhalotra, Nishith Prakash
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14143
Wage Determination in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Works Councilors in Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
substantially revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2024, 45 (1), 38 - 115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14112
Wage Inequality and Labor Rights Violations
Ioana E. Marinescu, Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14071
How Does Occupational Licensing Affect Entry into the Medical Field? An Examination of EMTs
Aaron Yelowitz, Samuel J. Ingram
published as 'How does occupational licensing affect entry into the medical field? An examination of emergency medical technicians' in: Southern Economic Journal, 2024, 91 (1), 38 - 61
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13705
What Do Employers' Associations Do?
Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12914
The Impact of a Minimum Wage Change on the Distribution of Wages and Household Income
Paul Redmond, Karina Doorley, Seamus McGuinness
published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2021, 73 (3),1034 - 1056
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12732
Workplace Positive Actions, Trans People's Self-Esteem and Human Resources' Evaluations
Vasiliki Bozani, Nick Drydakis, Katerina Sidiropoulou, Benjamin Harvey, Anna Paraskevopoulou
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2020, 41 (6), 809-83
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12265
Population Aging, Age Discrimination, and Age Discrimination Protections at the 50th Anniversary of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Patrick Button
published in: Czaja, S. J.; Sharit, J. and J. James (eds.), Current and Emerging Trends in Aging and Work, Springer: New York, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11788
The Impact of Employment Protection on the Industrial Wage Structure
John S. Heywood, Mary O'Mahony, W. Stanley Siebert, Ana Rincon-Aznar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11783
Enforcement of Labor Regulation and the Labor Market Effects of Trade: Evidence from Brazil
Gabriel Ulyssea, Vladimir Ponczek
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11615
State Substitution for the Trade Union Good: The Case of Paid Holiday Entitlements
John Forth, Alex Bryson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 5 - 23
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11378
Worker Representation and Temporary Employment in Germany: The Deployment and Extent of Fixed-Term Contracts and Temporary Agency Work
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 24-46.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9632
Seniority Rules, Worker Mobility and Wages: Evidence from Multi-Country Linked Employer-Employee Data
Petri Böckerman, Per Skedinger, Roope Uusitalo
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 51, 48-62
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9404
What Factors Influence Firm Perceptions of Labour Market Constraints to Growth in the MENA Region?
Ali Fakih, Pascal L. Ghazalian
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2015, 36 (8), 1181-1206
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9295
Dismissal Laws in Australia: Reforms and Enforcement by Labour Courts
Benoit Pierre Freyens, Xiaodong Gong
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9148
Dismissal Disputes and Endogenous Sorting
Pietro Garibaldi, Gerard A. Pfann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8156
Labor Market Institutions and Long-Term Effects of Youth Unemployment
Daiji Kawaguchi, Tetsushi Murao
published in: Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 2014, 46(S2), 95–116
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7945
Awareness Reduces Racial Bias
Devin G. Pope, Joseph Price, Justin Wolfers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7886
More Is Better! What Can Firm-Specific Estimates of the Impact of Institutional Quality on Performance Tell Us?
Sumon K. Bhaumik, Ralitza Dimova, Subal C. Kumbhakar, Kai Sun
published as 'Is Tinkering with Institutional Quality a Panacea for Firm Performance? Insights from a Semiparametric Approach to Modeling Firm Performance' in: Review of Development Economics, 2018, 22 (1), 1-22
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7569
Preferences for Employment Protection and the Insider-Outsider Divide
Elvire Guillaud, Paul Marx
revised version published in: West European Politics, 2014, 37 (5), 1177-1185
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6881
The Dynamics of the Regulation of Labor in Developing and Developed Countries since 1960
Nauro F. Campos, Jeffrey B. Nugent
published in in N. Campos, P. De Grauwe and Y. Ji (eds.), The Political Economy of Structural Reforms in Europe, Oxford University Press, 2018, pp. 75-88.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 6351
Does Institutional Quality Affect Firm Performance? Insights from a Semiparametric Approach
Sumon K. Bhaumik, Ralitza Dimova, Subal C. Kumbhakar, Kai Sun
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5872
What Explains Prevalence of Informal Employment in European Countries: The Role of Labor Institutions, Governance, Immigrants, and Growth
Mihails Hazans
published as: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5917, 2011/12
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5754
Give Me Your Wired and Your Highly Skilled: Measuring the Impact of Immigration Policy on Employers and Shareholders
Carl Lin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5731
Severance Pay Programs around the World: History, Rationale, Status, and Reforms
Robert Holzmann, Yann Pouget, Milan Vodopivec, Michael Weber
published in: Robert Holzmann and Milan Vodopivec (eds), Reforming Severance Pay: An International Perspective,Washington, D.C.: The World Bank., 2012
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5677
Labor Disputes and Labor Flows
Henri Fraisse, Francis Kramarz, Corinne Prost
published in: ILR Review, 2015, 68 (5), 1043-1077
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5505
Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market
Morris M. Kleiner, Alan B. Krueger
published in: Labor Economics, 2013, 31 (S1, Part 2), S173–S202
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5365
Evolution of Employment Protection Legislation in the USSR, CIS and Baltic States, 1985-2009
Alexander Muravyev
revised version published in: Europe-Asia Studies, 2014, 66 (8), 1270-1294
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5357
Great Expectations: Law, Employment Contracts, and Labor Market Performance
W. Bentley MacLeod
published in: O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 4B, Chapter 18, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5333
What Drives the Demand for Temporary Agency Workers?
Elke J. Jahn, Jan Bentzen
published in: LABOUR, 2012, 26 (3), 341-355
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5043
Employer Preferences and Social Policy: Business and the Development of Job Security Regulations in Germany since World War I
Patrick Emmenegger, Paul Marx
revised version published as 'Business and the Development of Job Security Regulations: The Case of Germany' in: Socio-Economic Review, 2011, 9 (4), 729-756
IZA Discussion Paper No. 5027
Optimal Incentive Contracts under Moral Hazard When the Agent Is Free to Leave
Florian Englmaier, Gerd Muehlheusser, Andreas Roider
revised version published as 'Optimal Incentive Contracts for Knowledge Workers' in: European Economic Review, 2014, 67, 82-106
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4591
Have Labour Market Reforms at the Turn of the Millennium Changed Job Durations of the New Entrants? A Comparative Study for Germany and Italy
Gianna Claudia Giannelli, Ursula Jaenichen, Claudia Villosio
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2012, 33, 143 - 172
IZA Discussion Paper No. 4484
Employment Protection Legislation in Russia: Regional Enforcement and Labour Market Outcomes
Vladimir Gimpelson, Rostislav Kapeliushnikov, Anna Lukiyanova
published in: Comparative Economic Studies, 2010, 52 (4), 611-636
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3415
Macroeconomic Effects of Ownership Structure in OECD Countries
Donatella Gatti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3394
Are All Labor Regulations Equal? Evidence from Indian Manufacturing
Ahmad Ahsan, Carmen Pagés
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3266
Do Legal Standards Affect Ethical Concerns of Consumers?
Dirk Engelmann, Dorothea Kübler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3171
On the Inverse Relationship between Unemployment and Absenteeism: Evidence from Natural Experiments and Worker Heterogeneity
René Fahr, Bernd Frick
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3094
Inequality and Employment in a Dual Economy: Enforcement of Labor Regulation in Brazil
Rita K. Almeida, Pedro Carneiro
substantially revised and extended version available as IZA DP No. 5902
IZA Discussion Paper No. 3002
A Theory of Employment Guarantees: Contestability, Credibility and Distributional Concerns
Arnab K. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Ravi Kanbur
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2009, 93 (3-4), 482-497
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2688
Real Wage Cyclicality in Germany and the UK: New Results Using Panel Data
Fei Peng, W. Stanley Siebert
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2649
Integrating Severely Disabled Individuals into the Labour Market: The Austrian Case
Brigitte Humer, Jean-Philippe Wuellrich, Josef Zweimüller
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2595
A Persistence Model of the National Minimum Wage
Melanie K. Jones, Richard J. Jones, Philip D. Murphy, Peter J. Sloane
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2465
Real Wage Cyclicality in Italy
Fei Peng, W. Stanley Siebert
published in: Labour, 22 (4), 2008, 569 - 591
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2450
Assessing Job Flows across Countries: The Role of Industry, Firm Size and Regulations
John C. Haltiwanger, Stefano Scarpetta, Helena Schweiger
published as 'Cross country differences in job reallocation: The role of industry, firm size and regulations' in: Labour Economics, 2014, 26, 11-25
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2430
Labour Market Regulation in the EU-15: Causes and Consequences – A Survey
W. Stanley Siebert
published in: R. Vaubel and P. Bernholz (eds.), Political Competition and Economic Regulation, London: Routledge 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2381
Politico-Economic Causes of Labor Regulation in the United States: Rent Seeking, Alliances, Raising Rivals' Costs (Even Lowering One's Own?), and Interjurisdictional Competition
John T. Addison
published in: R. Vaubel and P. Bernholz (eds.), Political Competition and Economic Regulation, London: Routledge 2007
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2367
Regulating Damage Clauses in (Labor) Contracts
Gerd Muehlheusser
published in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 2007, 163 (4), 531-551
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2362
The Rise and Fall of Private Sector Unionism: What Next for the NLRA?
Jeffrey M. Hirsch, Barry Hirsch
published in: Florida State University Law Review, 2007, 34 (4), 1133-1180
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2343
Do Changes in Regulation Affect Employment Duration in Temporary Work Agencies?
Manfred Antoni, Elke J. Jahn
published in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2009, 62 (2), 226-251
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2310
Studying Labor Market Institutions in the Lab: Minimum Wages, Employment Protection and Workfare
Armin Falk, David B. Huffman
published in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 2007, 163 (1), 30-45
IZA Discussion Paper No. 2017
Reasons for Wage Rigidity in Germany
Wolfgang Franz, Friedhelm Pfeiffer
published in: Labour, 2006, 20 (2), 255-284
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1970
Legal Default Rules: The Case of Wrongful Discharge Laws
W. Bentley MacLeod, Voraprapa Nakavachara
published in: Economic Journal, 2007, 117 (521), F218-F278
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1963
Dependent Forms of Self-employment in the UK: Identifying Workers on the Border between Employment and Self-employment
René Böheim, Ulrike Muehlberger
published in: Zeitschrift für ArbeitsmarktForschung/Journal for Labour Market Research, 2009, 42 (2), 182-95
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1944
Diagnosing Discrimination: Stock Returns and CEO Gender
Justin Wolfers
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2006, 4 (2-3), 531-541
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1424
Employment Regulations through the Eyes of Employers: Do They Matter and How Do Firms Respond to Them?
Gaëlle Pierre, Stefano Scarpetta
revised version published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy 2013, 2:15
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1147
Labour Market Flexibility and Employment Protection Regulation in the Baltic States
Raul Eamets, Jaan Masso
revised version published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2005, 11 (1), 71-90
IZA Discussion Paper No. 1106
Lockerung des Kündigungsschutzes: Ein Weg zu mehr Beschäftigung?
Holger Bonin
published in: R. Zwengel (ed.), Gesellschaftliche Perspektiven: Jahrbuch der Hessischen Gesellschaft für Demokratie und Ökologie, 2004, 5, 55-71
IZA Discussion Paper No. 611
Some Thoughts on Macroeconomic Fluctuations and the Timing of Labor Market Reform
Gilles Saint-Paul
pubished in: Solow, Robert M. (ed.): Structural Reform and Macroeconomic Policy, (International Economic Association), Palgrave MacMillan, 2004
IZA Discussion Paper No. 609
Cognitive Ability and Paternalism
Gilles Saint-Paul
IZA Discussion Paper No. 562
Changes in Collective Bargaining in the U.K.
John T. Addison, W. Stanley Siebert
published in: John T. Addison and Claus Schnabel (eds.), International Handbook of Trade Unions, Cheltenham and Northampton, 2003, 415-460
IZA Discussion Paper No. 422
The Long Awaited Reform of the German Works Constitution Act
John T. Addison, Lutz Bellmann, Claus Schnabel, Joachim Wagner
published in: Industrial Relations, 2004, 43 (2), 392-420
IZA Discussion Paper No. 62
Bestimmungsgründe von Fehlzeiten: Welche Rolle spielt die Arbeitslosigkeit?
Anja Thalmaier
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