The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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232 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion
Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17469
Job Training, English Language Skills, and Employability: Evidence from an Experiment in Urban India
Prashant Loyalka, Dinsha Mistree, Robert W. Fairlie, Saurabh Khanna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17417
The Impact of a Peer-to-Peer Mentoring Program on University Choices and Performance
Stefania Bortolotti, Annalisa Loviglio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17395
Skills and Earnings: A Multidimensional Perspective on Human Capital
Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17364
The Scarring Effect of Graduate Underemployment: Evidence from the UK
Matt Dickson, Michael Donnelly, Kalyan Kumar Kameshwara, Predrag Lazetic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17307
Does Migrants' Consumption of Cultural Goods Impact on Their Economic Integration? Disclosing the Culture-to-Market Pathway
Salvatore Carrozzo, Elisabetta Lodigiani, Alessandra Venturini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17271
Gender Role Models in Education
Sofoklis Goulas, Bhagya N. Gunawardena, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17253
Lifetime Consequences of Lost Instructional Time in the Classroom: Evidence from Shortened School Years
Kamila Cygan-Rehm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17249
Intergenerational Effects of Compulsory Schooling Reform on Early Childhood Development in a Middle-Income Country
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Pelin Akyol, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Murat Demirci, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17237
Statistical Discrimination and Optimal Mismatch in College Major Selection
Mary Kate Batistich, Timothy N. Bond, Sebastian Linde, Kevin J. Mumford
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17216
Beyond the Degree: Fertility Outcomes of 'First in Family' Graduates
Anna Adamecz, Anna Lovász, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17212
Signaling Effects on the Labor Market: Winners and Losers of University Licensing in a Higher Education Reform
Pablo Lavado, Gustavo Yamada, Joaquin Armas, Mauricio Gonzalez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17181
Unlocking Potential: Childcare Services and Refugees' Integration, Employment and Well-Being
Ludovica Gambaro, Mathias Huebener, Sophia Schmitz, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17122
Education, Gender, and Family Formation
Hanna Virtanen, Mikko Silliman, Tiina Kuuppelomäki, Kristiina Huttunen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17066
Shattered Dreams: The Economic Impact of Eliminating DACA
Francesc Ortega, Phillip Connor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17059
The Effect of Postsecondary Educational Institutions on Local Economies: A Bird's-Eye View
Patrick Lehnert, Madison Dell, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Eric Bettinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17033
The Underconfidence Wage Penalty
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16994
School Equalization in the Shadow of Jim Crow: Causes and Consequences of Resource Disparity in Mississippi Circa 1940
David Card, Leah Clark, Ciprian Domnisoru, Lowell J. Taylor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16976
Business Education and Portfolio Returns
Adam Altmejd, Thomas Jansson, Yigitcan Karabulut
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16969
Integrating Minorities in the Classroom: The Role of Students, Parents, and Teachers
Alexandra de Gendre, Krzysztof Karbownik, Nicolás Salamanca, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16957
Does Vocational Education Pay off in China? Evidence from City-Level Education Supply Shocks
Li Dai, Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16918
Gender Differences in Graduate Degree Choices
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16866
Artificial Intelligence Capital and Employment Prospects
Nick Drydakis
published online in: Oxford Economic Papers, 22 March 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16864
Schooling and Self-Control
Deborah A. Cobb-Clark, Sarah C. Dahmann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16813
Which Colleges Increase Voting Rates?
D’Wayne Bell, John B. Holbein, Samuel J. Imlay, Jonathan Smith
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16800
The Labour Market Returns to Graduation: Reconciling Administrative and Survey Data Estimates
Anna Adamecz, Matt Dickson, Nikki Shure
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16798
Overeducation and Economic Mobility
Simen Markussen, Maria Nareklishvili, Knut Røed
forthcoming in: Economics of Education Review , 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16724
The Impact of Comprehensive Student Support on Crime: Evidence from the Pathways to Education Program
Adam M. Lavecchia, Philip Oreopoulos, Noah Spencer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16712
A Scalable Approach to High-Impact Tutoring for Young Readers: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Kalena E. Cortes, Karen Kortecamp, Susanna Loeb, Carly D. Robinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16694
When Randomization Is Not Feasible: The Case of Parenting Skills Programs
Daniela Del Boca, Chiara D. Pronzato, Lucia Schiavon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16689
Female Classmates, Disruption, and STEM Outcomes in Disadvantaged Schools: Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16668
Estimating Returns to Schooling and Experience: A History of Thought
Barry R. Chiswick
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16659
Technological Change and Returns to Training
Roman Klauser, Marcus Tamm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16568
Estimates of Earnings Returns by Field of Study for For-Profit Schools and Community Colleges
Christopher Jepsen, Peter R. Mueser, Kenneth Troske, Kyung-Seong Jeon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16559
The Return to College, Marriage, and Intergenerational Mobility
Eric D. Gould
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16489
Unintended Consequences of Youth Entrepreneurship Programs: Experimental Evidence from Rwanda
Moussa Blimpo, Todd Pugatch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16474
Can Vocational Education Improve Schooling and Labour Outcomes? Evidence from a Large Expansion
João R. Ferreira, Pedro S. Martins
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16454
More Education Does Make You Happier – Unless You Are Unemployed
Alexander Bertermann, Daniel A. Kamhöfer, Hannah Schildberg-Hörisch
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16328
Maternal Education and Early Child Development: The Roles of Parental Support for Learning, Learning Materials, and Father Characteristics
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Pelin Akyol, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Murat Demirci, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16326
The Impact of the Transition and EU Membership on the Returns to Schooling in Europe
Harry Anthony Patrinos, Angelica Rivera-Olvera
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16198
First Generation College Students and Peer Effects
Michael S. Kofoed, Todd R. Jones
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16192
Who Benefits from Tuition-Free, Top-Quality Universities? Evidence from Brazil
Suzanne Duryea, Rafael Perez Ribas, Breno Sampaio, Gustavo R. Sampaio, Giuseppe Trevisan
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 96, 102423
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16181
Erasmus Program and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from a Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity Design
Marco Alberto De Benedetto, Maria De Paola, Vincenzo Scoppa, Janna Smirnova
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16149
Higher Education Opportunity and the Choice of Vocational vs. Academic High School
Chunbing Xing, Yan Sun, Chuliang Luo
published in: China Economic Quarterly International, 2023, 3, 119–131
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16125
Using Genes to Explore the Relationship of Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills with Education and Labor Market Outcomes
Thomas Buser, Rafael Ahlskog, Magnus Johannesson, Philipp Koellinger, Sven Oskarsson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16117
Where Do STEM Graduates Stem From? The Intergenerational Transmission of Comparative Skill Advantages
Eric A. Hanushek, Babs Jacobs, Guido Schwerdt, Rolf Van der Velden, Stan Vermeulen, Simon Wiederhold
This paper is an updated version of IZA DP No. 14854 (2021).
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16104
Imperfect Signals
Georg Graetz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16089
Non-college Occupations, Workplace Routinization, and the Gender Gap in College Enrollment
Amanda Chuan, Weilong Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16081
The Labor Market Returns to Very Short Postsecondary Certificates
Rajeev Darolia, Chuanyi Guo, Youngran Kim
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16080
Impact of Graduating with Honors on Entry Wages of Economics Majors
Salim Atay, Gunes A. Aşık, Semih Tumen
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 86 (3), 606-640
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16079
The Increasing Penalty to Occupation-Education Mismatch
Hugh Cassidy, Amanda Gaulke
published in Economic Inquiry, 2024, 62 (2), 607–632.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16050
Transitory Earnings Opportunities and Educational Scarring of Men
Jósef Sigurdsson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15992
Changing Tracks: Human Capital Investment after Loss of Ability
Anders Humlum, Jakob R. Munch, Pernille Plato
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15985
Do Classical Studies Open Your Mind?
Giorgio Brunello, Piero Esposito, Lorenzo Rocco, Sergio Scicchitano
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15932
The Employment Effects of the Disability Education Gap in Europe
Maciej Albinowski, Iga Magda, Agata Rozszczypała
published online in: Education Economics, 29 September 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15788
Beliefs about Maternal Labor Supply
Teodora Boneva, Marta Golin, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Christopher Rauh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15765
Parental Beliefs, Perceived Health Risks, and Time Investment in Children: Evidence from COVID-19
Gabriella Conti, Michele Giannola, Alessandro Toppeta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15733
Female Neighbors, Test Scores, and Careers
Sofoklis Goulas, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yi Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15622
"Workhorses of Opportunity": Regional Universities Increase Local Social Mobility
Greg Howard, Russell Weinstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15619
"The Double Dividend of Training" – Labor Market Effects of Work-Related Continuous Education in Switzerland
Stefan Denzler, Jens Ruhose, Stefan C. Wolter
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15612
Does College Selectivity Reduce Obesity? A Partial Identification Approach
Giorgio Brunello, Dimitris Christelis, Anna Sanz-de-Galdeano, Anastasia Terskaya
published online in: Health Economics, 27 June 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15609
Analysis of Twins
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke
published in: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer Nature, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15439
Losing Prospective Entitlement to Unemployment Benefits. Impact on Educational Attainment
Bart Cockx, Koen Declercq, Muriel Dejemeppe
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 95, 102424
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15418
Genetic and Socioeconomic Achievement Gaps in Elementary School
Mikkel Aagaard Houmark, Victor Ronda, Esben Agerbo, Preben Bo Mortensen, Michael Rosholm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15414
Mean Convergence, Combinatorics, and Grade-Point Averages
Glen R. Waddell, Robert McDonough
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15405
How Parenting Courses Affect Families’ Time-Use? Evidence from an RCT Experiment in Italy
Daniela Del Boca, Chiara D. Pronzato, Lucia Schiavon
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15371
Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages: Causal Evidence from Nonparametric Bounds
Vikesh Amin, Jere R. Behrman, Jason M. Fletcher, Carlos A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Hans-Peter Kohler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15354
Excellence for All? University Honors Programs and Human Capital Formation
Todd Pugatch, Paul N. Thompson
published online in: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11 March 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15352
Gender Differences in STEM Persistence after Graduation
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
published in: Economica, 2022, 89 (356), 862-883.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15321
What Can We Learn from Student Performance Measures? Identifying Treatment in the Presence of Curves and Letter Grades
Glen R. Waddell, Jenni Putz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15301
Migration and University Education: An Empirical (Macro) Link
Sule Akkoyunlu, Gil S. Epstein, Ira N. Gang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15299
Returns to Higher Education - Graduate and Discipline Premiums
Yu Zhu, Lei Xu
Forthcoming as a book chapter in the Springer Nature Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15297
The Effect of Higher Education on Women's Obesity and Smoking: Evidence from College Openings in Turkey
Badi H. Baltagi, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Haci M. Karatas
published in: Economic Modelling, 2023, 123, 106-286.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15281
Gender Gaps in Early Wage Expectations
Andreas Leibing, Frauke Peter, Sevrin Waights, C. Katharina Spieß
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15187
The Effect of Foreign Students on Native Students' Outcomes in Higher Education
Julián Costas-Fernández, Greta Morando
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15176
Sometimes It Works! The Effect of a Reform of the Short Vocational Track on School-to-Work Transition
Simona Lorena Comi, Mara Grasseni, Federica Origo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15145
The Gender Gap in Top Jobs – The Role of Overconfidence
Anna Adamecz, Nikki Shure
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 79, 102283
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15143
The Magnitude and Predictors of Overeducation and Overskilling in Latin America: Evidence from PIAAC
Juan Francisco Castro, Lorena Ortega, Gustavo Yamada, David Mata
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15064
Can Interactive Online Training Make High School Students More Entrepreneurial? Experimental Evidence from Rwanda
Jeanne Lafortune, Todd Pugatch, José Tessada, Diego Ubfal
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15039
The Long-Run Educational Benefits of High-Achieving Classrooms
Serena Canaan, Pierre Mouganie, Peng Zhang
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15026
Alumni Job Networks at Elite Universities and the Efficacy of Affirmative Action
Cecilia Machado, Germán Reyes, Evan Riehl
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15019
The Long-Run Impacts of Mexican-American School Desegregation
Francisca M. Antman, Kalena E. Cortes
forthcoming in: Journal of Economic Literature
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15010
The Effects of Advanced Degrees on the Wage Rates, Hours, Earnings and Job Satisfaction of Women and Men
Joseph G. Altonji, John Eric Humphries, Ling Zhong
published in: Polachek, S.W. and Tatsiramos, K. (ed.) 50th Celebratory Volume (Research in Labor Economics, Vol. 50), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, 2023, 25-81
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15002
Updates on Returns to Education in India: Analysis Using PLFS 2018-19 Data
Jie Chen, Sanghamitra Kanjilal-Bhaduri, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14964
College Majors and Skills: Evidence from the Universe of Online Job Ads
Steven W. Hemelt, Brad J. Hershbein, Shawn Martin, Kevin Stange
published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 85, 1-17
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14854
The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive Skills: An Investigation of the Causal Impact of Families on Student Outcomes
Eric A. Hanushek, Babs Jacobs, Guido Schwerdt, Rolf Van der Velden, Stan Vermeulen, Simon Wiederhold
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14825
Higher Education Expansion and Supply of Teachers in China
Fengyan Dai, Lei Xu, Yu Zhu
published in: China Economic Review, 2022, 71, 101732
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14813
Wage Effects of Educational Mismatch According to Workers' Origin: The Role of Demographics and Firm Characteristics
Valentine Jacobs, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
published in: De Economist, 2022, 170 (4), 459-501
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14678
Early-Years Multi-Grade Classes and Pupil Attainment
Daniel Borbely, Markus Gehrsitz, Stuart McIntyre, Gennaro Rossi, Graeme Roy
published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 2023, 85, (6), 1295-1319
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14584
Athletes Greatly Benefit from Participation in Sports at the College and Secondary Level
James J. Heckman, Colleen P. Loughlin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14559
Compulsory Class Attendance versus Autonomy
Sofoklis Goulas, Silvia Griselda, Rigissa Megalokonomou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14552
The Effect of School Voucher Spending on Initial Earnings
Juan A. Correa, Francisco Parro, Rafael Sánchez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14540
For Some, Luck Matters More: The Impact of the Great Recession on the Early Careers of Graduates from Different Socio-Economic Backgrounds
Emilia Del Bono, Greta Morando
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14470
Are There No Wage Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Germany? A Reassessment
Kamila Cygan-Rehm
published in: Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2022, 37 (1), 218 - 223
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14462
Graduating from a Less Selective University during a Recession: Evidence from Mobility Report Cards and Employer Recruiting
Russell Weinstein
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14445
Does Vocational Education Pay Better, or Worse, Than Academic Education?
Jie Chen, Francesco Pastore
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14402
Education, Information, and COVID-19 Excess Mortality
Piera Bello, Lorenzo Rocco
published as 'Education and COVID-19 excess mortality' in: Economics & Human Biology, 2022, 47, 101194
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14349
When Should We (Not) Interpret Linear IV Estimands as LATE?
Tymon Sloczynski
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14348
Maternal Labor Supply: Perceived Returns, Constraints, and Social Norms
Teodora Boneva, Katja Maria Kaufmann, Christopher Rauh
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