The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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142 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17798
Employer Quality and Skilled Workers’ Mobility: Evidence from English NHS Hospital Doctors
Stefano Cellini, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17797
Immigration, Workforce Composition, and Organizational Performance: The Effect of Brexit on NHS Hospital Quality
Henrique Castro-Pires, Kai Fischer, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17777
Absence of Care Among Community-Living Older Persons with Dementia and Disabilities: A Cross-National Analysis of Population Survey from 22 Countries
Zhuoer Lin, Yuting Qian, Thomas M. Gill, Xiaohui Hou, Heather Allore, Shanquan Chen, Xi Chen
published online in: Nature Aging, 7 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17771
Health and Labor Market Consequences of Low-Value Care: The Role of Practice Style
Mattia Albertini, Pieter Bakx, Fabrizio Mazzonna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17504
Cut Off from New Competition: Threat of Entry and Quality of Primary Care
Eduard Brüll, Davud Rostam-Afschar, Oliver Schlenker
published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 92, 102669
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17345
Work Pay, Contractual Changes and Employee Attrition: Evidence from NHS Trainee Doctors
Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli, Ioannis Laliotis, Melisa Sayli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17204
Quality and Accountability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Healthcare in Low- And Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): A Simulated Patient Study Using ChatGPT
Yafei Si, Yuyi Yang, Xi Wang, Ruopeng An, Jiaqi Zu, Xi Chen, Xiaojing Fan, Sen Gong
published as 'Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study' in: Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2024, 26, e56121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17197
The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions on Long-Term Care: Evidence on Prices
Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Mia Teschner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17177
Online versus In-Person Services: Effects on Patients and Providers
Amanda Dahlstrand, Nestor Le Nestour, Guy Michaels
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17090
Nonlinear Reimbursement Rules for Preventive and Curative Medical Care
Helmuth Cremer, Jean-Marie Lozachmeur
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16997
Children's Residential Proximity, Spousal Presence and Dementia Risk
Zhuoer Lin, Xuecheng Yin, Becca R. Levy, Yue Yuan, Xi Chen
published as 'Association of Children's Residential Proximity and Spousal Presence with Lower Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia among Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment' in: American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 2024, 32 (10), 1187-1199
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16879
Impact of Time of Diagnosis on Out-of-Pocket Costs of Cancer Treatment, a Side Effect of Health Insurance Design in Australia
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kees Van Gool
published in: Health Policy, 2024, 145, 105055
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16844
Medicare Austerity Reforms and Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs: The Experience from Australian Cancer Patients
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Kees Van Gool, Philip Haywood, Jane Hall
published online in: Health Policy, 105296, 3 March 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16838
Healthcare Quality and Dementia Risk
José M. Aravena, Xi Chen, Becca R. Levy
published as 'Association between experiencing low healthcare quality and developing dementia' in: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024, 72 (7), 2126-2132
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16772
Nursing before and after COVID-19: Outflows, Inflows and Self-Employment
Guyonne Kalb, Jordy Meekes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16749
The Effect of Migration on Careers of Natives: Evidence from Long-Term Care
Peter Haan, Izabela Wnuk
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16720
Trust and Health Care-Seeking Behavior
Michael E. Darden, Mario Macis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16616
Foreign Nurses and Hospital Quality: Evidence from Brexit
Henrique Castro-Pires, Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16608
The Effects of the Dobbs Decision on Fertility
Daniel Dench, Mayra Pineda-Torres, Caitlin Knowles Myers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16545
Occupational Differences in the Effects of Retirement on Hospitalizations for Mental Illness among Female Workers: Evidence from Administrative Data in China
Tianyu Wang, Ruochen Sun, Jody L. Sindelar, Xi Chen
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024 , 53, 101367
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16448
The Impact of Hospital Closures on Medical Debt in Collections: Analysis Using Consumer Credit Bureau Data
Jennifer Andre, Fredric Blavin, Breno Braga, Anuj Gangopadhyaya
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16411
The Growing Gap of Unmet Need: Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in 31 Countries
Yuting Qian, Shanquan Chen, Zhuoer Lin, Zexuan Yu, Mengxiao Wang, Xiaohui Hou, Xi Chen
also available as 'Silver Opportunity : Case Studies - The Growing Gap of Unmet Need : Assessing the Demand for, and Supply of, Home-Based Support for Older Adults with Disabilities in Thirty-One Countries', World Bank Report, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16388
Gender Identity, Race, and Ethnicity-Based Discrimination in Access to Mental Health Care: Evidence from an Audit Correspondence Field Experiment
Luca Fumarco, Benjamin Harrell, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, E Dils
revised version published in: American Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 10 (2), 182–214
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16379
Non-monetary Interventions, Workforce Retention and Hospital Quality: Evidence from the English NHS
Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Jo Blanden, Marco Mello, Henrique Castro-Pires, Chris Bojke
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16332
Do Primary Healthcare Facilities in More Remote Areas Provide More Medical Services? Spatial Evidence from Rural Western China
Chi Shen, Sha Lai, Qiwei Deng, Dan Cao, Dantong Zhao, Yaxin Zhao, Zhongliang Zhou, Wanyue Dong, Xi Chen
published in: Health & Social Care in the Community, 2023, 6131486
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16302
C-Sections, Obesity, and Health-Care Specialization: Evidence from Mexico
Catalina Herrera-Almanza, Fernanda Marquez-Padilla, Silvia Prina
published in: World Bank Economic Review, 2024, 38 (1), 139 - 160
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16165
Patient versus Provider Incentives in Long-Term Care
Martin B. Hackmann, Vincent Pohl, Nicolas R. Ziebarth
published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2024, 16 (3), 178–218
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16162
The Impact of COVID-19 on Access to Mental Healthcare Services
Benjamin Harrell, Luca Fumarco, Patrick Button, David J. Schwegman, Kyla Denwood
published in: AEA Papers and Proceedings, 2023, 113, 420 - 422
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16060
Provider Responses to the Expansion of Public Subsidies in Healthcare: The Case of Oral Chemotherapy Treatment in Australia
Maryam Naghsh Nejad, Serena Yu, Philip Haywood
published in: Social Science & Medicine, 2023, 330, 116041
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16048
Physicians Treating Physicians: Relational and Informational Advantages in Treatment and Survival
Stacey H. Chen, Jennjou Chen, Hongwei Chuang, Tzu-Hsin Lin
published online in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2025, 43 (1), 15- 46
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15951
Foreign Physicians: Discriminatory Patient Preferences and Doctor Availability
Brigham Walker, Janna Wisniewski, Sarah Tinkler, Miron Stano, Rajiv Sharma
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106813
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15839
The Morbidity Costs of Air Pollution through the Lens of Health Spending in China
Xin Zhang, Xun Zhang, Yuehua Liu, Xintong Zhao, Xi Chen
published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2023, 36, 1269–1292
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15806
A Field Study of Donor Behaviour in the Iranian Kidney Market
Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi
published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104887
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15709
Geographic Variation in Inpatient Care Utilization, Outcomes and Costs for Dementia Patients in China
Zhuoer Lin, Fang Ba, Heather Allore, Gordon G. Liu, Xi Chen
published in: China CDC Weekly, 2022, 4 (45), 997-1001
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15638
Staff Engagement, Coworkers' Complementarity and Employee Retention: Evidence from English NHS Hospitals
Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Marco Mello
published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (365), 42 - 83 (with Alberto Vesperoni)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15593
Estimating Inter-Generational Returns to Medical Care: New Evidence from At­-Risk Newborns
Damian Clarke, Nicolás Lillo Bustos, Kathya Tapia Schythe
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15480
Do Non-monetary Interventions Improve Staff Retention? Evidence from English NHS Hospitals
Melisa Sayli, Giuseppe Moscelli, Jo Blanden, Chris Bojke, Marco Mello
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15479
Energy Poverty and Health Care Expenditures: Evidence from the China Family Panel Studies
Peng Nie, Qiaoge Li
published as 'Does energy poverty increase health care expenditures in China?' in: Applied Economics, 2024, 13 (5), 4209-4235s, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15425
Another Day, Another Visit: Impact of Arkansas' Mandatory Waiting Period for Women Seeking an Abortion by Demographic Groups
Onur Altindag, Theodore J. Joyce
published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2022, 213, 104715
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15266
The Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Risk Preferences in a Developing Nation: Findings from the Field
Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi
published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 216, 110576
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15238
Is the Price Right? The Role of Morals, Ideology, and Tradeoff Thinking in Explaining Reactions to Price Surges
Julio Elias, Nicola Lacetera, Mario Macis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15221
Behavioral Responses to Supply-Side Drug Policy During the Opioid Epidemic
Simone Balestra, Helge Liebert, Nicole Maestas, Tisamarie B. Sherry
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15126
Staff Engagement, Job Complementarity and Labour Supply: Evidence from the English NHS Hospital Workforce
Giuseppe Moscelli, Melisa Sayli, Marco Mello
updated version of this paper published as IZA DP No. 15638.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14990
Health and Labor Market Impacts of Twin Birth: Evidence from a Swedish IVF Policy Mandate
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Damian Clarke, Hanna Mühlrad, Mårten Palme
revised version available from the authors
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14891
The Cost of Health Insurance and Entry into Entrepreneurship
Frank M. Fossen, Mobarak Hossain, Sankar Mukhopadhyay, Peter Toth
revised version published online in: Small Business Economics, 9 May 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14886
Testing for Ethnic Discrimination in Outpatient Health Care: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Germany
Martin Halla, Christopher Kah, Rupert Sausgruber
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14744
Learning-by-Doing and Productivity Growth among High-Skilled Workers: Evidence from the Treatment of Heart Attacks
Petter Lundborg, Stefan James, Bo Lagerqvist, Johan Vikström
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14685
The Right to Health and the Health Effects of Denials
Sonia R. Bhalotra, Manuel Fernandez Sierra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14556
Measuring the Burden: The Effect of Travel Distance on Abortions and Births
Caitlin Knowles Myers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14434
Cooling off or Burdened? The Effects of Mandatory Waiting Periods on Abortions and Births
Caitlin Knowles Myers
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