The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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5,489 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17491
Unified Growth Theory: Engines of Growth and Inequality in the Wealth of Nations
Oded Galor
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17490
The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe
Joan Costa-Font, Cristina Vilaplana-Prieto
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487
Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion
Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17479
E-Learning at Universities: Does Starting with Difficult Questions Affect Student Performance?
Agata Galkiewicz, Jan Marcus, Thomas Siedler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17477
How Reliable Are Social Safety Nets in Situations of Acute Economic Need? Extended Estimates for 14 OECD Countries
Raphaela Hyee, Herwig Immervoll, Rodrigo Fernandez, Jongmi Lee, Karl Handscomb
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17476
Heritability in the Labour Market: Evidence from Italian Twins
Sonia Brescianini, Lorenzo Cappellari, Daniele Checchi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17470
Investigating the Impact of Integration Agreements on Labor Market Outcomes for Welfare Recipients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Gerard J. van den Berg, Sarah Bernhard, Gesine Stephan, Arne Uhlendorff
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17469
Job Training, English Language Skills, and Employability: Evidence from an Experiment in Urban India
Prashant Loyalka, Dinsha Mistree, Robert W. Fairlie, Saurabh Khanna
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17466
School Racial Segregation and Late-Life Cognition
Zhuoer Lin, Yi Wang, Thomas M. Gill, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17463
Crisis Resilience of European Welfare States: The Role of Multiple Layers of Protection
Werner Eichhorst, Annabelle Krause-Pilatus, Mathias Dolls, Max Lay
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17462
Autonomous Schools, Achievement, and Segregation
Natalie Irmert, Jan Bietenbeck, Linn Mattisson, Felix Weinhardt
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17456
Universal Child Benefit and Child Poverty: The Role of Fertility Adjustments
Jan Gromadzki
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17446
Gritty Peers
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Yaming Cao, Ezgi Kaya
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17445
Did Program Support for the Poorest Areas Work? Evidence from Rural Vietnam
Hai-Anh H Dang, Klaus Deininger, Cuong Viet Nguyen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17441
The Military VSL
Thomas J. Kniesner, Ryan Sullivan, W. Kip Viscusi
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17439
An Unconsidered Leave? Inequality Aversion and the Brexit Referendum
Joan Costa-Font, Frank A. Cowell
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17437
The Reversal of the Gender Gap in Education: Exploring its Consequences for Partnering, Employment and Voting Behaviour
Martin Nordin, Maria Stanfors
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17430
Effects of Center-Based Child Care on Disadvantaged Children: Evidence from a Randomized Research Design
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17427
On the Limits of Chronological Age
Rainer Kotschy, David E. Bloom, Andrew Scott
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17418
Stress in the Air: A Conjecture
Oded Stark
published in: Economics & Human Biology, 2024, 55, 101430
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17417
The Impact of a Peer-to-Peer Mentoring Program on University Choices and Performance
Stefania Bortolotti, Annalisa Loviglio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17416
Effect of an Information Intervention on Opioid Prescribing: A Preregistered Nationwide Randomized Experiment
Iiro Ahomäki, Petri Böckerman, Jaakko Pehkonen, Leena Saastamoinen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17415
Present Bias in Choices over Food and Money
Alexander M. Danzer, Helen Zeidler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17411
The Different Sources of Intergenerational Income Mobility in High and Low Income Families
Anders Hjorth-Trolle, Rasmus Landersø
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17409
Inequity in Child Mental Healthcare Use
Nicole Black, David W. Johnston, Michael A. Shields, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17408
Incorporating Changes in Race, Gender, and Academic Field at Colleges and Universities - A Comment on 'The Ebbing Tide: How Will Higher Education Adapt to Demographic Change?'
Francisca M. Antman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17405
Do Women Pay for Working from Home? Exploring Gender Gaps in Pay and Wellbeing by Work Location in the UK Cohort Studies
Bożena Wielgoszewska, Alex Bryson, Heather Joshi, David Wilkinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17404
Does Restricting Access to Credit Affect Learning Outcomes? Evidence from a Regulatory Shock to Microfinance in India
Muneer Kalliyil, Soham Sahoo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17400
Another Chance: Number of Exam Retakes and University Students' Outcomes
Massimiliano Bratti, Silvia Granato, Enkelejda Havari
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17395
Skills and Earnings: A Multidimensional Perspective on Human Capital
Ludger Woessmann
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17394
Distance to Opportunity: Higher Education Deserts and College Enrollment Choices
Riley Acton, Kalena E. Cortes, Camila Morales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17393
The Effects of a Statewide Ban on School Suspensions
Jane Arnold Lincove, Catherine Mata, Kalena E. Cortes
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17391
Family Planning and Ethnic Heritage: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Graziella Bertocchi, Arcangelo Dimico, Chiara Falco
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17390
Are Vegetable Seed Oils Fueling the Obesity Epidemic?
Tyler Ransom
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17388
In the Wrong Place at the Wrong Time: The Impact of Mass Shooting Exposure on Mental Health
Michele Ubaldi, Matteo Picchio
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17387
Timing of School Entry and Personality Traits in Adulthood
Anton Barabasch, Kamila Cygan-Rehm, Andreas Leibing
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17379
Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills
Jonas Jessen, Lavinia Kinne, Michele Battisti
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17372
Shaken, Not Stunted? Global Evidence on Natural Disasters, Child Growth and Recovery
John Cruzatti C., Matthias Rieger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17365
Missing the Target: Does Increased Capacity of the Local Government Improve Beneficiary Selection?
Viola Asri, Kumar Biswas, Sebastian Fehrler, Urs Fischbacher, Katharina Michaelowa, Atonu Rabbani
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17364
The Scarring Effect of Graduate Underemployment: Evidence from the UK
Matt Dickson, Michael Donnelly, Kalyan Kumar Kameshwara, Predrag Lazetic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17362
The Effectiveness of Teamwork for Student Academic Outcomes: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Ritwik Banerjee, Niels-Hugo Blunch, Daniele Cassese, Nabanita Datta Gupta, Paolo Pin
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17359
Affordable Housing and Individual Labor Market Outcomes
Wolfgang Dauth, Andreas Mense, Matthias Wrede
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17358
Estimating Peer Effects among College Students: Evidence from a Field Experiment of One-to-One Pairings in STEM
Robert W. Fairlie, Daniel Oliver, Glenn Millhauser, Randa Roland
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17355
Return-to-Office Mandates, Health and Well-Being: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Chiara Costi, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Anthony Lepinteur, Giorgia Menta
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17351
The Declining Relative Quality of the Child Care Workforce
Chris M. Herbst
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17349
Race, Ethnicity, and Measurement Error
Bruce D. Meyer, Nikolas Mittag, Derek Wu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17345
Work Pay, Contractual Changes and Employee Attrition: Evidence from NHS Trainee Doctors
Marco Mello, Giuseppe Moscelli, Ioannis Laliotis, Melisa Sayli
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17341
Discrimination and Health Outcomes in England's Black Communities amid the Cost-of-Living Crisis: Evaluating the Role of Inflation and Bank Rates
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17338
Distance to Degrees: How College Proximity Shapes Students' Enrollment Choices and Attainment across Race-Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status
Riley Acton, Kalena E. Cortes, Lois Miller, Camila Morales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17331
Teacher Personality and the Perceived Socioeconomic Gap in Student Outcomes
Giorgio Brunello, Clementina Crocè, Pamela Giustinelli, Lorenzo Rocco
forthcoming in: Economics Letters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17330
Who Benefits from Single-Sex Schooling? Evidence on Mental Health, Peer Relationships, and Academic Achievements
Dain Jung, Jun Hyung Kim, Do Won Kwak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17322
A Library in the Palm of Your Hand? A Randomized Reading Intervention with Low-Income Children
Silke Anger, Bernhard Christoph, Agata Galkiewicz, Shushanik Margaryan, Frauke Peter, Malte Sandner, Thomas Siedler
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17321
Business Disruptions Due to Social Vulnerability and Criminal Activities in Urban Areas
Nick Drydakis
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17320
Contraceptive Access Creates Positive Selection in Infant Health
James Flynn
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17316
The Labor and Health Economics of Breast Cancer
Alexander Ahammer, Gerald J. Pruckner, Flora Stiftinger
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17314
Free Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive Skills in Rural China
Zheyuan Zhang, Hui Xu, Ruilin Liu, Zhong Zhao
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17310
Temperature and Sex Ratios at Birth
Jasmin Abdel Ghany, Joshua Wilde, Anna Dimitrova, Ridhi Kashyap, Raya Muttarak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17307
Does Migrants' Consumption of Cultural Goods Impact on Their Economic Integration? Disclosing the Culture-to-Market Pathway
Salvatore Carrozzo, Elisabetta Lodigiani, Alessandra Venturini
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17305
Financing Social Protection in OECD Countries: Role and Uses of Revenue Earmarking
Herwig Immervoll
forthcoming in: U. Gentilini (ed.), Scaling up: insights into the financing, political economy and delivery of social assistance (preliminary title), World Bank: Washington DC, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17303
Should States Allow Early School Enrollment? An Analysis of Individuals' Long-Term Labor Market Effects
Katja Görlitz, Pascal Heß, Marcus Tamm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17302
Creative and Strategic Capabilities of Generative AI: Evidence from Large-Scale Experiments
Noah Bohren, Rustamdjan Hakimov, Rafael Lalive
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17301
From Preschool to College: The Impact of Education Policies over the Lifecycle
Jacob Wright, Angela Zheng
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17300
The Effect of Distance to Colleges on Application Behavior
Judith M. Delaney, Paul J. Devereux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17298
Income Effects of Disability Benefits
Sebastian Becker, Annica Gehlen, Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17296
The Pecuniary Costs of Early School Leaving and Poor Basic Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills
Giorgio Brunello, Lorenzo Rocco
also published as 'The price of inaction: the global private, fiscal and social costs of children and youth not learning', United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17294
The Unintended Consequences of Merit-Based Teacher Selection: Evidence from a Large-Scale Reform in Colombia
Matias Busso, Sebastián Montaño, Juan S. Muñoz-Morales, Nolan G. Pope
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17293
Unraveling the Gender Wage Gap: Exploring Early Career Patterns among University Graduates
Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17288
Fetal Pollution Exposure, Cognitive Ability, and Gender-Specific Parental Investment
Xin Zhang, Yixuan Wang, Xingyi Hu, Xi Chen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17283
Unbundling Returns to Postsecondary Degrees and Skills: Evidence from Colombia
Matias Busso, Sebastián Montaño, Juan S. Muñoz-Morales
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17274
Evidence on the Robustness of the Links between Social Relationships and Mortality
Rosanne Freak-Poli, Stephen P. Jenkins, Michael A. Shields, Trong-Anh Trinh
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17271
Gender Role Models in Education
Sofoklis Goulas, Bhagya N. Gunawardena, Rigissa Megalokonomou, Yves Zenou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17267
Evaluating Yourself and Your Peers
Mingye Ma, Gerhard Riener, Youzong Xu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17263
Medical Residency Subsidies and Physician Shortages
Cici McNamara, Mayra Pineda-Torres
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17261
The Impact of Role Models on Youths' Aspirations, Gender Attitudes and Education in Somalia
Elijah Kipchumba, Catherine Porter, Danila Serra, Munshi Sulaiman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17255
The Gender Wage Gap across Life: Effects of Genetic Predisposition Towards Higher Educational Attainment
Alex Bryson, Tim Morris, David Bann, David Wilkinson
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17253
Lifetime Consequences of Lost Instructional Time in the Classroom: Evidence from Shortened School Years
Kamila Cygan-Rehm
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17252
Elite Universities and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human and Social Capital
Andres Barrios-Fernandez, Christopher A. Neilson, Seth D. Zimmerman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17249
Intergenerational Effects of Compulsory Schooling Reform on Early Childhood Development in a Middle-Income Country
Yusuf Emre Akgündüz, Pelin Akyol, Abdurrahman B. Aydemir, Murat Demirci, Murat Güray Kirdar
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17247
The Incidence and Wage Penalty of Overqualification: The Case of Egypt
Ali Fakih, Zeina Lizzaik
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17244
Unintended Consequences of Welfare Cuts on Children and Adolescents
Christian Dustmann, Rasmus Landersø, Lars Højsgaard Andersen
revised version forthcoming in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17242
The Economics of Abduction Marriage: Evidence from Ethiopia
Jorge Garcia-Hombrados, Lindsey Novak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17240
Gendered Language in Academic Evaluations: Evidence from the Italian University System
Matilde Casamonti, Natalia Zinovyeva
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17239
Parental Health, Adolescents' Mental Distress and Non-cognitive Skills
Apostolos Davillas, Victor Hugo de Oliveira, Athina Raftopoulou
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17237
Statistical Discrimination and Optimal Mismatch in College Major Selection
Mary Kate Batistich, Timothy N. Bond, Sebastian Linde, Kevin J. Mumford
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17236
Children of the Revolution: Women's Liberation and Children's Success
Eric Maurin, Florentine Oliveira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17232
Effects of Health Shocks on Adult Children's Labor Market Outcomes and Well-Being
Eduardo Ramirez Lizardi, Elisabeth Fevang, Knut Røed, Henning Øien
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17230
Land Access and Poverty among Agricultural Households in Nigeria
John Chiwuzulum Odozi, Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17228
Free Schooling Reverses Sibling Rivalry
João R. Ferreira, Wayne Aaron Sandholtz
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17223
Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Five European Countries
Anthony Lepinteur, Alessio Rebechi, Andrew E. Clark, Conchita D'Ambrosio, Nicholas Rohde, Claus Vögele
published in: Economics and Human Biology, 2024, 55, 101427
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17222
When Do Ordinal Ability Rank Effects Emerge? Evidence from the Timing of School Closures
Marco Bertoni, Saeideh Parkam
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17216
Beyond the Degree: Fertility Outcomes of 'First in Family' Graduates
Anna Adamecz, Anna Lovász, Suncica Vujic
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17215
Long-Term Pre-Conception Exposure to Local Violence and Infant Health
Eunsik Chang, Sandra Orozco-Aleman, María Padilla-Romo
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17212
Signaling Effects on the Labor Market: Winners and Losers of University Licensing in a Higher Education Reform
Pablo Lavado, Gustavo Yamada, Joaquin Armas, Mauricio Gonzalez
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17205
The Long-Term Human Capital and Health Impacts of a Pollution Reduction Programme
Nanna Fukushima, Stephanie von Hinke, Emil N. Sørensen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17204
Quality and Accountability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Healthcare in Low- And Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): A Simulated Patient Study Using ChatGPT
Yafei Si, Yuyi Yang, Xi Wang, Ruopeng An, Jiaqi Zu, Xi Chen, Xiaojing Fan, Sen Gong
forthcoming in: Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17202
Inequality of Opportunity and Intergenerational Persistence in Latin America
Paolo Brunori, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, Guido Neidhöfer
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17197
The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions on Long-Term Care: Evidence on Prices
Johannes Geyer, Peter Haan, Mia Teschner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17193
Sustaining Poverty Gains: A Vulnerability Map to Guide Social Policy
Oscar Barriga Cabanillas, Thomas Bossuroy, Paul Andres Corral Rodas, Carlos Rodriguez Castelan, Emmanuel Skoufias
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17192
Supply-Side Drug Policy, Polydrug Use, and the Economic Effects of Withdrawal Symptoms
Alexander Ahammer, Analisa Packham
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17190
The Impact of Children's Access to Public Health Insurance on Their Cognitive Development and Behavior
Marie C. Hull, Ji Yan
published in: Journal of Health Economics, 2024, 98, 102935
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