The IZA Discussion Paper Series (ISSN: 2365-9793) disseminates high-quality research by IZA network members to the scientific community and the interested public worldwide before they are later published in academic journals. Comprising more than 17,000 papers, IZA's publication flagship is the most influential working paper series in labor economics.

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5,789 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15297
The Effect of Higher Education on Women's Obesity and Smoking: Evidence from College Openings in Turkey
Badi H. Baltagi, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes, Haci M. Karatas
published in: Economic Modelling, 2023, 123, 106-286.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15295
Safeguarding Consumers through Minimum Quality Standards: Milk Inspections and Urban Mortality, 1880-1910
D. Mark Anderson, Kerwin Kofi Charles, Michael McKelligott, Daniel I. Rees
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15294
Hiding the Elephant: The Tragedy of COVID Policy and Its Economist Apologists
Gigi Foster, Paul Frijters
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15291
Beyond Barker: Infant Mortality at Birth and Ischaemic Heart Disease in Older Age
Samuel Baker, Pietro Biroli, Hans van Kippersluis, Stephanie von Hinke
published as 'Advantageous early-life environments cushion the genetic risk for ischemic heart disease' in: PNAS, 2024, 121 (27), e2314056121
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15290
Optimal Travel Restrictions in Epidemics
Wei Shi, Yun Qiu, Pei Yu, Xi Chen
also available in: Spatial Data Lab, 2020, Webinars on Modeling COVID-19 Pandemic? Resources, Methodology and Applications, Harvard Dataverse, V4
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15289
De-facto Gaps in Social Protection for Standard and Non-standard Workers: An Approach for Monitoring the Accessibility and Levels of Income Support
Herwig Immervoll, Rodrigo Fernandez, Raphaela Hyee, Jongmi Lee, Daniele Pacifico
elements published in: Left on your own? Social protection when labour markets are in flux, OECD, 2019, and in two OECD country studies: Korea, 2023, United States, 2023
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15287
Financial Literacy Amongst Young People: When Does the Gender Gap Begin?
Alison Preston, Robert E. Wright
published as 'When Does the Gender Gap in Financial Literacy Begin?' in: Economic Record, 2024, 100 (328), 44-73
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15281
Gender Gaps in Early Wage Expectations
Andreas Leibing, Frauke Peter, Sevrin Waights, C. Katharina Spieß
published in: Economics of Education Review, 2023, 94, 102398
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15280
The Third Mission in the Academic Profession: Empirical Insights into Academic Identities
Vitus Püttmann, Stephan L. Thomsen
revised version forthcoming as 'The Microfoundations of Academics’ Engagement with Society' in: Technovation, 2025.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15279
The Full Returns to the Choice of Occupation and Education
Andrew E. Clark, Maria Cotofan, Richard Layard
published as 'Do wages underestimate the inequality in workers’ rewards? The joint distribution of job quality and wages across occupations' in: Economica, 2024, 91 (362), 497-546
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15271
Specialists or All-Rounders: How Best to Select University Students?
Pedro Luís Silva
published in: Journal of Human Capital, 2024, 18 (2), 227–271
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15269
Dual Circulation and Population Mobility during the Pandemic in China
Wang-Sheng Lee, Trang My Tran, Lamont Bo Yu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15267
Stable Income, Stable Family
Jason M. Lindo, Krishna Regmi, Isaac D. Swensen
published in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2025, 107 (3), 653–667.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15266
The Relationship between Cognitive Ability and Risk Preferences in a Developing Nation: Findings from the Field
Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Daniel Sgroi
published in: Economics Letters, 2022, 216, 110576
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15265
Mother Africa's Exceptionalism? Income and Fertility Redux
Mark Gradstein, Phoebe W. Ishak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15262
Health Insurance Coverage, Government Payments, and Labor Allocation
Cristina D. M. Miller, Ashok K. Mishra
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15260
Pandemic Depression: COVID-19 and the Mental Health of the Self-Employed
Marco Caliendo, Daniel Graeber, Alexander S. Kritikos, Johannes Seebauer
published in: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 2023, 47(3), 788–830
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15257
Peers Affect Personality Development
Xiaoyue Shan, Ulf Zölitz
published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 28 January 2025
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15253
A Study of the Chinese Gender Gap in Financial Literacy
Alison Preston, Lili Qiu, Robert E. Wright
published as 'Understanding the gender gap in financial literacy: The role of culture' in: Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2024, 58 (1), 146-176
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15252
Measuring Knowledge
James J. Heckman, Jin Zhou
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