IZA Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18240

The Wage Effects of Restricting Temporary Foreign Workers: Evidence from Canada’s 2014 TFWP Reforms

Wen-Hao Chen, Tony Fang

published online as 'Restricting temporary foreign labour: evidence on wage effects from Canada’s 2014 policy reform' in: Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 24 October 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18234

Minimum Wages and Informality

Ellora Derenoncourt, Francois Gerard, Lorenzo Lagos, Claire Montialoux

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18230

Do Women Ask for Less? Evidence from Reservation Wages in Italy

Vincenzo Scoppa, Idola Francesca Spanò

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18213

Immigration, Search, and Redistribution: A Conjecture

Oded Stark, Lukasz Byra

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18211

The Labor Market in the Netherlands 2001–2024: The Long Demise of a Centralized Model

Wiemer Salverda, Joop Hartog

shortened version published as 'The Labor Market in the Netherlands 2001–2024' in: IZA World of Labor, 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18199

The Impact of Immigration on Wages and Employment in the UK Using Longitudinal Administrative Data

Sara Lemos, Jonathan Portes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18152

The Price of Breaking Up: Wage Shocks and Household Dissolution

Jorge Velilla, José Alberto Molina, Pierre-André Chiappori

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18128

Unions in Developing Countries

Alex Bryson, Mari Tanaka

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18101

How Do Minimum Wages Affect Nonemployer Businesses in the United States?

Ke Lyu, Frank M. Fossen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18100

Calorie Consumption and Wages: Evidence from India’s Labor Market

Kaushalendra Kumar, Ashish Singh, Santosh Kumar Gautam, Abhishek Singh

published in: Economic Modelling, 2025, 152, 107279

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18097

The Digital Gender Divide in Germany: The Role of Preferences and Constraints in Digital Involvement and Wages

Martin Abraham, Luisa Wieser, Claus Schnabel, Cornelia Niessen, Sara Bergmann

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18079

Discrimination in Retention Decisions and Its Impact on Career Earnings. Evidence from the National Football League

Ian Gregory-Smith, Alex Bryson, Rafael Gomez

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18053

Is There a Devaluation of Degrees? Unobserved Heterogeneity in Returns to Education and Early Experience

Damiano Argan, Robert J. Gary-Bobo, Marion Goussé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18033

Three Wages and Two Prices

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18033

Three Wages and Two Prices

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18033

Three Wages and Two Prices

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18000

Peekaboo! Uncovering the Impact of the Eastern European Immigration Shock on Wages Employment and Unemployment in the UK

Sara Lemos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17993

Measuring the Incidence and Impacts of Skill Gaps Among European Workers

Seamus McGuinness, Elisa Staffa

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17983

The Asymmetric Incidence of Business Taxes: Survey Evidence from German Firms

Richard Winter, Philipp Doerrenberg, Fabian Eble, Davud Rostam-Afschar, Johannes Voget

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17913

The Heterogeneous Effects of Large and Small Minimum Wage Changes on Hours Worked: Evidence Using a Partially Pre-Committed Analysis Plan

Jeffrey Clemens, Michael R. Strain

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17851

The Impact of Labour Demand Shocks when Occupational Labour Supplies are Heterogeneous

Michael Johannes Böhm, Ben Etheridge, Aitor Irastorza-Fadrique

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17775

Connectivity and Rural Development: Examining India’s Rural Road Construction Scheme

Santosh Kumar Gautam, Monica Shandal, Ariel Zucker

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17756

The Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Labour Market Outcomes of Recent Immigrants to Canada

Tony Fang, Morley Gunderson, Viet Hoang Ha, Hui Ming

forthcoming in: Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 2025.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17732

The Impact of Higher Education on Employer Perceptions

Renske Stans, Laura Ehrmantraut, Malin Siemers, Pia Pinger

forthcoming in: Economic Journal, 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17685

Non-compete Agreements: Human Capital Investments or Compensated Wages?

Naomi Kodama, Ryo Kambayashi, Atsuko Izumi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17680

American Workers' Experience with Socialism During the World Wars

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17657

Short-Time Work and Unionization

Daniele Biancardi, Claudio Lucifora, Federica Origo

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17621

One Cohort at a Time: A New Perspective on the Declining Gender Pay Gap

Jaime Arellano-Bover, Nicola Bianchi, Salvatore Lattanzio, Matteo Paradisi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17603

Motherhood on Campus: Timing Childbirth during University Studies

Nicoline Josephine Bach, Astrid Würtz Rasmussen, Nina Smith

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17594

Menu Adjustment in Response to the Minimum Wage: A Return to the New Jersey-Pennsylvania Border

Kerry L. Papps, Michael R. Strain

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17592

The Value of Remote Work: A Correspondence Experiment on Tutors

Sofoklis Goulas

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17585

Monopsony: Wages, Wage Bargaining and Job Requirements

Jasmin Anderlik, Malika Jumaniyozova, Bernhard Schmidpeter, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17583

The Impact of Overtime Limits on Firms and Workers: Evidence from Japan's Work Style Reform

Gabriel Burdin, Ryo Kambayashi, Takao Kato

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17549

Measuring Quality of Life Under Spatial Frictions

Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt, Fabian Bald, Duncan H.W. Roth, Tobias Seidel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17541

Coworker Networks from Student Jobs: A Flying Start at Labor Market Entry?

Gökay Demir, Friederike Hertweck, Malte Sandner, Ipek Yükselen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17510

Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages

Gökay Demir

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17489

Biased Returns to Tenure: The Impact of Firm-Specific Shocks on Base and Non-base Earnings

Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton, Nikolaos Theodoropoulos

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17487

Early Career Effects of Entering the Labor Market During Higher Education Expansion

Johannes Goehausen, Stephan L. Thomsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17453

Are Firms Willing to Pay Lower Wages? A Quasi-Experiment on Subminimum Wage Policy

Petri Böckerman, Toni Juuti, Tuomas Kosonen, Henri Keränen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17447

Scarce Workers, High Wages?

Erik-Benjamin Börschlein, Mario Bossler, Martin Popp

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17385

Job Search, Efficiency Wages and Taxes

Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen

forthcoming in: Labour Economics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17339

Why Do Workers Dislike Inflation? Wage Erosion and Conflict Costs

Joao Guerreiro, Jonathon Hazell, Chen Lian, Christina Patterson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17326

Accounting for the Growth of Real Wages of U.S. Manufacturing Production Workers since the Nineteenth Century

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17303

Should States Allow Early School Enrollment? An Analysis of Individuals' Long-Term Labor Market Effects

Katja Görlitz, Pascal Heß, Marcus Tamm

published in: Empirical Economics, 2025, 68, 2383–2411

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17285

Unequal Hiring Wages and Their Impact on the Gender Pay Gap

Tho Pham, Daniel Schaefer, Carl Singleton

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17273

The Effect of Wages on Job Vacancy Duration: Evidence from a Spatial Discontinuity

Charles Carter, Judith M. Delaney, Kerry L. Papps

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17266

Immigrants and the Portuguese Labor Market: Threat or Advantage?

Parisa Ghasemi, Paulino Teixeira, Carlos Carreira

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17229

Brexit Had No Measurable Effect on Irish Exporters

Benjamin Elsner, Eoin T. Flaherty, Stefanie Haller

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17226

Competition in the Labor Market: The Wage Effect of Employer Concentration in China

Jianan Liu, Hongbo Cai, Carl Lin

published in: Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 2025, 64 (3), 343–379

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211

Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board

Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara

an updated version can be found here.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17211

Directed Search, Wages, and Non-wage Amenities: Evidence from an Online Job Board

Veronica Escudero, Hannah Liepmann, Damian Vergara

an updated version can be found here.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17209

Exports and Jobs for Inclusive Growth in Cambodia

Deeksha Kokas, Jaime Alfonso Roche Rodriguez, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Raymond Robertson, Wendy Karamba

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17198

The Accuracy of Job Seekers' Wage Expectations

Marco Caliendo, Robert Mahlstedt, Aiko Schmeißer, Sophie Wagner

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17142

The U.S. Low-Wage Structure: A McWage Comparison

Orley Ashenfelter, Štepán Jurajda

published online in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 16 September 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17140

An Analysis of the Changes in British Workers' Real Wages since the 19th Century

John H. Pencavel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17128

Commuting, Wages, and Household Behavior

José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina, Jorge Velilla

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17117

Government Contracting and Living Wages > Minimum Wages

Nikhil Datta, Stephen Machin

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17049

Wages and Employment in the Netherlands, 2017-2023

Iris Klinker, Bas ter Weel

published in: De Economist, 2024, 172 (3), 233-256

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16972

Artificial Intelligence and the Skill Premium

David E. Bloom, Klaus Prettner, Jamel Saadaoui, Mario Veruete

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16964

The Devil Is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs

Mario Bossler, Ying Liang, Thorsten Schank

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16964

The Devil Is in the Details: Heterogeneous Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Working Hours and Minijobs

Mario Bossler, Ying Liang, Thorsten Schank

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16932

The Big Shift in Working Arrangements: Eight Ways Unusual

Steven J. Davis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16888

How Cyclical Is the User Cost of Labor?

Marianna Kudlyak

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2024, 28 (2), 159–180

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16866

Artificial Intelligence Capital and Employment Prospects

Nick Drydakis

published in: Oxford Economic Papers, 2024, 76 (4), 901–919,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16837

Labor Demand on a Tight Leash

Mario Bossler, Martin Popp

revised version forthcoming in: Industrial and Labor Relations Review

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16788

The Political Economy of Minimum Wage Setting: The Factories and Shops Act of Victoria (Australia), 1896-1913

Andrew Seltzer

published online in: Economic History Review, 16 October 2024

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16787

Wage Cyclicality and Labour Market Institutions

João Pereira, Raul Ramos, Pedro S. Martins

published in: Industrial Relations, 2025, 64, 598–615

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16755

What Skills Pay More? The Changing Demand and Return to Skills for Professional Workers

Cecily Josten, Helen Krause, Grace Lordan, Brian Yeung

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16716

Measuring Job Risks When Hedonic Wage Models Do Not Do the Job

Susana Ferreira, Sara Martinez-de-Morentin, Amaya Erro-Garcés

published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2025, 130, 103120

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16649

The Impact of New Free Trade Agreements on Incumbent Firms and Workers

Harald Dale-Olsen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16621

Minimum Wage Non-compliance: The Role of Co-determination

Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg

substantially revised version published online in: European Journal of Law and Economics, 14 September 2024,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16600

Minimum Wages and Changing Wage Inequality in India

Saloni Khurana, Kanika Mahajan, Kunal Sen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16577

Gender Differences in Reservation Wages in Search Experiments

Andrew McGee, Peter McGee

published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 94, 102698

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16514

The Minimum Wage, Turnover, and the Shape of the Wage Distribution

Pierre Brochu, David A. Green, Thomas Lemieux, James Townsend

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16475

Making Their Own Weather? Estimating Employer Labour-Market Power and Its Wage Effects

Pedro S. Martins, António Melo

published in: Journal of Urban Economics, 2024, 139, 103614

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16420

Remote Work, Wages, and Hours Worked in the United States

Sabrina Wulff Pabilonia, Victoria Vernon

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2025, 38, 18

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16371

Vacancy Duration and Wages

Ihsaan Bassier, Alan Manning, Barbara Petrongolo

fortcoming in: Review of Economics and Statistics, 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16351

Sticky Wages on the Layoff Margin

Steven J. Davis, Pawel M. Krolikowski

published in: American Economic Review, 2025, 115 (2), 491 - 524

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16204

Labor Market Frictions and Spillover Effects from Publicly Announced Sectoral Minimum Wages

Gökay Demir

updated version available as DP 17510

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16199

Innovation and the Labor Market: Theory, Evidence and Challenges

Nicoletta Corrocher, Daniele Moschella, Jacopo Staccioli, Marco Vivarelli

published in: Industrial and Corporate Change, 2024, 33 (3), 519–540

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16148

Husbands' Wages and Married Women's Labor Supply in Urban China

Mengbing Zhu, Yi Li, Chunbing Xing

published in: China Economic Review, 2023, 82, 102609.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16080

Impact of Graduating with Honors on Entry Wages of Economics Majors

Salim Atay, Gunes A. Aşık, Semih Tumen

published in: Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 2024, 86 (3), 606-640

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16031

The Impact of a Minimum Wage Increase on Hours Worked: Heterogeneous Effects by Gender and Sector

Paul Redmond, Seamus McGuinness

published in Economica, 2025, 92, (365), 84-106

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16024

The Quality-Adjusted Cyclical Price of Labor

Mark Bils, Marianna Kudlyak, Paulo Lins

published in: Journal of Labor Economics, 2023, 42 (S1), S13–S59

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16015

Labor Demand Responses to Changing Gas Prices

Mario Bossler, Alexander Moog, Thorsten Schank

published in: BE Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2023, 23 (4), 1073–1080

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16001

Public-Sector Employment, Wages and Education Decisions

Andri Chassamboulli, Pedro Maia Gomes

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15921

Recovering Income Distribution in the Presence of Interval-Censored Data

Gustavo J. Canavire Bacarreza, Fernando Rios-Avila, Flavia Sacco-Capurro

published in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2024, 22, 1039 - 1060

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15910

Labor Market Concentration and Wages: Incumbents versus New Hires

Andrea Bassanini, Cyprien Batut, Eve Caroli

published in: Labour Economics, 2023, 81, 102338.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15903

Globalization and Firm Performance

Luis A. V. Catão, Pedro de Faria, António Martins, Miguel Portela

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15901

The Labor Market Effects of Restricting Refugees' Employment Opportunities

Achim Ahrens, Andreas Beerli, Dominik Hangartner, Selina Kurer, Michael Siegenthaler

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15880

Employee-Owned Firms and the Careers of Young Workers

Gabriel Burdin, Jose Garcia-Louzao

revised version published in: Labour Economics, 2025, 93, 102686

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15801

Staggered Contracts and Unemployment during Recessions

Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Luis Díez-Catalán, Ernesto Villanueva

published online in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 24 September 2025, 103830

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15752

The Impact of ICT and Robots on Labour Market Outcomes of Demographic Groups in Europe

Maciej Albinowski, Piotr Lewandowski

published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 87, 102481

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15740

Can Temporary Wage Incentives Increase Formal Employment? Experimental Evidence from Mexico

Martin Abel, Eliana Carranza, Kimberly Geronimo, Maria Elena Ortega

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15737

Commitment and the Dynamics of Household Labor Supply

Alexandros Theloudis, Jorge Velilla, Pierre-André Chiappori, José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal, José Alberto Molina

published in: The Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (665), 354-386

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15695

Recession and Deflation?

David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson

published in: Review of Keynesian Economics, 2023, 11 (2), 234-251

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15688

Different Degrees of Skill Obsolescence across Hard and Soft Skills and the Role of Lifelong Learning for Labor Market Outcomes

Tobias Schultheiss, Uschi Backes-Gellner

published in: Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (3), 257 - 287

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15619

'The Double Dividend of Training' – Labor Market Effects of Work-Related Continuous Education in Switzerland

Stefan Denzler, Jens Ruhose, Stefan C. Wolter

published as 'Labour market effects of work-related continuous education in Switzerland – evidence from administrative data' in: Economics of Education Review, 2025, 107, 102683

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15617

Employer Cooperation, Productivity, and Wages: New Evidence from Inter-Firm Formal Network Agreements

Francesco Devicienti, Elena Grinza, Alessandro Manello, Davide Vannoni

published in: Economica, 2025, 92 (365), 1 - 41

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15567

A Field Study of Age Discrimination in the Workplace: The Importance of Gender and Race. Pay the Gap

Nick Drydakis, Anna Paraskevopoulou, Vasiliki Bozani

published in: Employee Relations, 2023, 45 (2), 304-327

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