IZA Discussion Papers

published online as 'The KSTE+I approach and the advent of AI technologies: evidence from the European regions' in: Journal of Technology Transfer, DOI version: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-025-10225-7

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17158

Entrepreneurship Is Dangerously Obsessed with Growth and Incompatible with Current Visions of a Post-growth Society

Wim Naudé

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17092

How Big Is Small? The Economic Effects of Access to Small Business Subsidies

J. David Brown, Matthew Denes, Ran Duchin, John Hackney

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17075

The African Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Index: Conceptual, Methodological and Empirical Flaws and the Way Forward

Wim Naudé

published online in: Journal of Technology Transfer, 25 April 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17055

Artificial Intelligence and Entrepreneurship

Frank M. Fossen, Trevor McLemore, Alina Sorgner

published in: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2024, 20 (8), 781-904

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17031

Do Politicians Affect Firm Outcomes? Evidence from Connections to the German Federal Parliament

André Diegmann, Laura Pohlan, Andrea Weber

find an updated version of the paper here

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16950

What Works in Supporting Women-Led Businesses?

Diego Ubfal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16930

Long-Term Effects of Shocks on New Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurship

Emilio Congregado, Frank M. Fossen, Nicola Rubino, David Troncoso

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16916

Is the Scholarly Field of Entrepreneurship at Its End?

Wim Naudé

published as 'Business and entrepreneurship is declining as scholarly field: Empirical evidence' in: PLOS ONE, 2025, 20 (5), e0323297

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16893

Mafias and Firms

Jaime Arellano-Bover, Marco De Simoni, Luigi Guiso, Rocco Macchiavello, Domenico J. Marchetti, Mounu Prem

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16705

The Role of Trainee Selection in the Effectiveness of Vocational Training: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Nepal

Shyamal Chowdhury, Syed Hasan, Uttam Sharma

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16683

Income Taxation and Hours Worked in Different Types of Entrepreneurship

Ege Can, Frank M. Fossen

revised version forthcoming in: B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2025-0082

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16679

Access to Digital Finance: Equity Crowdfunding across Countries and Platforms

Saul Estrin, Susanna Khavul, Alexander S. Kritikos, Jonas Löher

published in: PLoS ONE, 2024, 19 (1), e0293292.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16606

System Relevance and Firm Performance Due to COVID-19

Michael Johannes Böhm, Pamela Qendrai

published in: German Economic Review, 2023, 24 (4), 349-410

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16593

Using Domain-Specific Word Embeddings to Examine the Demand for Skills

Sugat Chaturvedi, Kanika Mahajan, Zahra Siddique

published in: B. Elsner and S. W. Polachek (eds.), Big Data Applications in Labor Economics (Research in Labor Economics Vol. 52B), Emerald, 2024, 171-223

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16563

The Role of Regulation and Regional Government Quality for High Growth Firms: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Sara Amoroso, Benedikt Herrmann, Alexander S. Kritikos

published in: Regional Studies, 2024, 58 (9), 1710–1727

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16534

Are Senior Entrepreneurs Happier than Who? The Role of Income and Health

Michael Fritsch, Alina Sorgner, Michael Wyrwich

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16491

Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey: 2006 - 2021

Sinem H. Ayhan, Hartmut Lehmann, Selin Pelek

published as 'Job Creation and Job Destruction in Turkey: 2006 - 2021' in: Eurasian Economic Review, 2025, 15, 741 - 773.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16487

Bottom-up Policies Trump Top-down Missions

Magnus Henrekson, Mikael Stenkula

published in: Magnus Henrekson, Christian Sandström, and Mikael Stenkula (eds.), Moonshots and the New Industrial Policy, Cham: Springer, 2024, 309–331

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16483

Destructive Digital Entrepreneurship

Wim Naudé

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 292–328

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16456

Social Skills and the Individual Wage Growth of Less Educated Workers

Philippe Aghion, Antonin Bergeaud, Richard Blundell, Rachel Griffith

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16443

Divergent Thinking and Post-Launch Entrepreneurial Outcomes: Non-Linearities and the Moderating Role of Experience

Marco Caliendo, Daniel Rodriguez

published in: Small Business Economics, 2024, 62, 1523-1553

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16412

The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings

Robert W. Fairlie

published in: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2024, 43 (1), 258 - 288

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16408

Is Productive Entrepreneurship Getting Scarcer? A Reflection on the Contemporary Relevance of Baumol's Typology

Maria Minniti, Wim Naudé, Erik Stam

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power (eds.), Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Elgar, 2024, 18 - 44

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16352

Bidding for Talent: A Test of Conduct in a High-Wage Labor Market

Nina Roussille, Benjamin Scuderi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16319

Air Pollution and Entrepreneurship

Liwen Guo, Zhiming Cheng, Massimiliano Tani, Sarah Cook, Jiaqi Zhao, Xi Chen

published in: China Economic Review, 2025, 89, 102327

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16283

Persistent Overconfidence and Biased Memory: Evidence from Managers

David B. Huffman, Collin Raymond, Julia Shvets

published in: American Economic Review, 2022, 112 (10), 3141–3175

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16271

Wage Employment, Unemployment and Self-Employment across Countries

Markus Poschke

published in: Journal of Monetary Economics. 2025, 149, 103684

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16259

The Births of New Private-Owned Enterprises in an Environment of State-Owned Enterprises

Zhong Zhao, Liang Zheng

published as 'The effect of the spatial distribution of state-owned enterprises on the location of private-owned enterprise births' in: Journal of Regional Science, 2024, 64 (1), 136-175.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16203

Managerial Practices and Student Performance: Evidence from Changes in School Principals

Adriana Di Liberto, Ludovica Giua, Fabiano Schivardi, Marco Sideri, Giovanni Sulis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16201

COVID-19 and Entrepreneurship

Alina Sorgner

published in: Zimmermann, K.F. (ed.) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Springer, Cham., 2023.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16160

Minimum Wages, Productivity, and Reallocation

Mirja Haelbig, Matthias Mertens, Steffen Müller

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16146

Who Is to Suffer? Quantifying the Impact of Sanctions on German Firms

Holger Görg, Anna Jacobs, Saskia Meuchelböck

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106767

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16145

Prior Work Experience and Entrepreneurship: The Careers of Young Entrepreneurs

Nicolas Gendron-Carrier

forthcoming in: Journal of Labor Economics

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16122

Labour Costs and the Decision to Hire the First Employee

Bart Cockx, Sam Desiere

published in: European Economic Review, 2024, 170, 104859

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16007

Political Connections, Business Groups and Innovation

Simon Commander, Saul Estrin, Thamashi De Silva

published in: Comperative Economic Studies, 2024, 66, 639–660

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15946

State-Based Conflict and Entrepreneurship: Empirical Evidence

Wim Naudé, Ernesto Amorós, Tilman Brück

published in: W. Naudé and B. Power, Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship and Conflict, Edward Elgar, 2024, 106–140

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15941

On the Validity of Using Webpage Texts to Identify the Target Population of a Survey: An Application to Detect Online Platforms

Piet Daas, Wolter Hassink, Bart Klijs

published in: Journal of Official Statistics, 2024, 40 (1), 190-211

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15903

Globalization and Firm Performance

Luis A. V. Catão, Pedro de Faria, António Martins, Miguel Portela

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15881

Implicit Contracts, Incentive Compatibility, and Involuntary Unemployment: Thirty Years On

W. Bentley MacLeod, James Malcomson

published in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economicsi (JITE), 2023, 179 (3), 470 - 499

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15848

Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Performance of Start-Ups

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Daniel Rodriguez, Claudia Stier

published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 1027–1051

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15793

The Influence of Start-up Motivation on Entrepreneurial Performance

Marco Caliendo, Alexander S. Kritikos, Claudia Stier

published in: Small Business Economics, 2023, 61, 869-889.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15779

Investment Grants and Firms' Productivity: How Effective Is a Grant Booster Shot?

Fernando Alexandre, Miguel Chaves, Miguel Portela

published in: Small Business Economics, 2025, 64, 1601–1641

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15716

Revenue Drift, Incentives, and Effort Allocation in Social Enterprises

Theodor Vladasel, Simon C. Parker, Randolph Sloof, Mirjam C. van Praag

published in: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2024, 33 (3), 630 - 651

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15710

Investment and Subjective Uncertainty

Nicholas Bloom, Steven J. Davis, Lucia Foster, Scott Ohlmacher, Itay Saporta-Eksten

published as '2020 Klein Lecture—Investment and Subjective Uncertainty' in: International Economic Review, 2024, 65 (4), 1591 - 1606

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15708

The Identification of Time-Invariant Variables in Panel Data Model: Exploring the Role of Science in Firms’ Productivity

Sara Amoroso, Randolph Luca Bruno, Laura Magazzini

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15691

Gender Diversity, Labour in the Boardroom and Gender Quotas

Astrid Kunze, Katrin Scharfenkamp

substantially changed version published online as 'The Importance of Codetermination for Gender Diversity in the Boardroom' in: Industrial Relations, 16 June 2025

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15690

Microentrepreneurs' Gender Difference in Labor Demand

Oluwasheyi S. Oladipo, Hyoung Suk Shim

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15608

German Financial State Aid during COVID-19 Pandemic: Higher Impact among Digitalized Self-Employed

Irene Bertschek, Jörn Block, Alexander S. Kritikos, Caroline Stiel

published in: Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2024, 36 (1–2), 76–97

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15554

Organisational Leadership: How Much Does It Matter?

Getinet Astatike Haile

published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2023, 61 (3), 653 - 673

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15540