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Die IZA Discussion Papers (ISSN: 2365-9793) gilt mit ihren über 17.000 Titeln als die wichtigste Schriftenreihe dieser Art in der Arbeitsökonomie. Mitglieder des IZA-Netzwerks stellen hier ihre aktuellen Forschungsresultate vorab zur Diskussion, bevor sie Eingang in Fachzeitschriften finden. Das IZA leistet damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur wissenschaftlichen Qualitätssicherung.

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221 IZA Discussion Papers
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17709
Political Spillovers of Worker Representation: With or Without Workplace Democracy?
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Analyse und Kritik - Journal of Philosophy and Social Theory, 2025, 47 (1), 5-30
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17615
Unions and Employers' Associations in Germany: A Survey of Their Membership, Density and Bargaining Coverage
Claus Schnabel
published in: Journal for Labour Market Research, 2025, 59, 7(2025)
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17597
Unions and Collective Bargaining in Sub-Saharan Africa: Some Insights from Quantitative Studies
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version forthcoming in: Industrielle Beziehungen - German Journal of Industrial Relations
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17544
Automation, Trade Unions and Atypical Employment
Piotr Lewandowski, Wojciech Szymczak
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17381
The Rules of the Game: Local Wage Bargaining and the Gender Pay Gap
Maria Olsson, Oskar Nordström Skans
IZA Discussion Paper No. 17152
Worker Representatives
Julian Budde, Thomas Dohmen, Simon Jäger, Simon Trenkle
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16727
Corporate Globalization and Worker Representation
Uwe Jirjahn
published in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16697
How Do Firms Respond to Unions?
Samuel Dodini, Anna Stansbury, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16604
Unionization of Retired Workers in Europe
Vinzenz Pyka, Claus Schnabel
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2025, 31 (1), 5-29
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16185
The Career Effects of Union Membership
Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén, Li Zhu
IZA Discussion Paper No. 16035
Seeking Shelter in Times of Crisis? Unemployment, Perceived Job Insecurity and Trade Union Membership
Adrian Chadi, Laszlo Goerke
published in: Economica, 2023, 90 (359), 1041-1088
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15893
Unions as Insurance: Employer–Worker Risk Sharing and Workers' Outcomes during COVID-19
Nils Braakmann, Boris Hirsch
published in: Industrial Relations, 2024, 63 (2), 152-171
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15879
Works Councils and Workers' Party Preferences in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Thi Xuan Thu Le
revised version published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2024, 62 (4), 849 - 877
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15635
The Dynamics of Power in Labor Markets: Monopolistic Unions versus Monopsonistic Employers
Samuel Dodini, Kjell G. Salvanes, Alexander Willén
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15632
Technical Change, Task Allocation, and Labor Unions
Martyna Marczak, Thomas Beissinger, Franziska Brall
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15552
Collective Bargaining for Women: How Unions Can Create Female-Friendly Jobs
Viola Corradini, Lorenzo Lagos, Garima Sharma
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15459
Job Satisfaction and Trade Union Membership in Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Yue Huang
published in: Labour Economics, 2022, 78, 102238
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15444
Political Spillovers of Workplace Democracy in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn, Thi Xuan Thu Le
revised version published in: Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 2024, 95 (1), 5-31
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15333
Evolution of Union Wages and Determinants
Tony Fang, John Hartley
published in: Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, 2022
IZA Discussion Paper No. 15008
Worker Representation
Alex Bryson, John Forth
published in: T. Eriksson (ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Labour Studies , Edward Elgar, 2023, 237–241
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14942
Flexible Wages and the Costs of Job Displacement
Sofía Fernández Guerrico, Ilan Tojerow
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14849
Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization
Pedro Molina Ogeda, Emanuel Ornelas, Rodrigo R. Soares
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2025, 23 (1), 236-280
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14788
Coevolution of Job Automation Risk and Workplace Governance
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Luca Cattani, William Ellis, Fabio Landini
published in: Research Policy, 2022, 51 (3), 104441
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14783
Membership in Employers' Associations and Collective Bargaining Coverage in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2023, 44 (3), 798-826
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14654
Dark Half: Decentralized Bargaining and Well-Being at Work
Terhi Maczulskij, Mika Haapanen, Antti Kauhanen, Krista Riukula
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14555
How Collective Bargaining Shapes Poverty: New Evidence for Developed Countries
Kevin Pineda-Hernández, François Rycx, Mélanie Volral
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2022, 60 (4), 895-928
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14398
Five Decades of Union Wages, Nonunion Wages, and Union Wage Gaps at Unionstats.com
David A. Macpherson, Barry Hirsch
published as 'Five decades of CPS wages, methods, and union-nonunion wage gaps at Unionstats.com' in: Industrial Relations, 2023, 62 (4), 439-452
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14283
Wage Flexibility under Sectoral Bargaining
David Card, Ana Rute Cardoso
published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2022, 20 (5), 2062 - 2097
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14143
Wage Determination in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Works Councilors in Germany
Laszlo Goerke, Markus Pannenberg
substantially revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2024, 45 (1), 38 - 115
IZA Discussion Paper No. 14102
Are Unions Detrimental to Innovation? Theory and Evidence
Fabio Berton, Stefano Dughera, Andrea Ricci
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13907
What Is the Role of Firm-Specific Pay Policies on the Gender Earnings Gap in Canada?
Jiang Li, Benoit Dostie, Gaëlle Simard-Duplain
published as 'Firm Pay Policies and the Gender Earnings Gap: The Mediating Role of Marital and Family Status', in: ILR Review, 2023, 76 (1), 160-188
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13867
Heterogeneous Impacts of the Decentralization of Collective Bargaining
Antti Kauhanen, Terhi Maczulskij, Krista Riukula
published online as 'The incidence and effects of decentralized wage bargaining in Finland' in: Journal of Labor Research, 5 April 2024
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13747
Do Public Subsidies of Union Membership Increase Union Membership Rates?
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2025, 229, 106855
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13717
Corporate Hierarchies under Employee Representation
Filippo Belloc, Gabriel Burdin, Fabio Landini
published as 'Corporate hierarchies and workplace voice' in: Journal of Institutional Economics, 2023, 19 (6), 729 - 746
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13615
The Persistence of Union Membership within the Coalfields of Britain
Huw Beynon, Helen Blakely, Alex Bryson, Rhys Davies
published in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2021, 59 (4), 1131-1152
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13465
Union Membership and Collective Bargaining: Trends and Determinants
Claus Schnabel
published in: K. F. Zimmermann (ed.), Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics, Springer, Cham, 2020
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13259
Hit by the Silk Road: How Wage Coordination in Europe Mitigates the China Shock
Erling Barth, Henning Finseraas, Anders Kjelsrud, Karl Ove Moene
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13244
Wages, Hires, and Labor Market Concentration
Ioana E. Marinescu, Ivan Ouss, Louis-Daniel Pape
published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2021, 184, 506 - 605
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13226
Electoral Democracy at Work
Philippe Askenazy, Thomas Breda
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13175
Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth Century American Labor Markets
John H. Pencavel
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (1), 139 - 167.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 13015
Unions, Tripartite Competition and Innovation
Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Research in Labor Economics, 2021, 49, 41-65
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12786
Revisiting Union Wage and Job Loss Effects Using the Displaced Worker Surveys
Abhir Kulkarni, Barry Hirsch
published in: ILR Review, 2021, 74 (4), 948-976
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12546
Creative Destruction, Social Security Uptake and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12515
Unions and Firms' Investments: A Unified View
Fabio Berton, Stefano Dughera, Andrea Ricci
published as 'A simple model of holdup, union voice, and firm investments' in: S.W. Polachek, K. Tatsiramos, G. Russo and G. van Houten (eds.): Workplace productivity and management practices (Research in Labor Economics, 49), 2021, 67 - 84
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12438
Dissonant Works Councils and Establishment Survivability
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Works Council "Disaffection" and Establishment Survivability" in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2023, 70 (1), 38 - 67
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12258
Disability and the Unionized Workplace
Mason Ameri, Mohammad Ali, Lisa Schur, Douglas L. Kruse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12089
Labor-Market Concentration and Labor Compensation
Yue Qiu, Aaron Sojourner
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12013
Wage Differentials by Bargaining Regime in Spain (2002-2014): An Analysis Using Matched Employer-Employee Data
Raul Ramos, Esteban Sanromá, Hipólito Simón
published in: Journal of Policy Modeling, 2022, 44 (2), 375-395
IZA Discussion Paper No. 12008
Unions, Two-Tier Bargaining and Physical Capital Investment: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence from Italy
Gabriele Cardullo, Maurizio Conti, Giovanni Sulis
revised version published as 'A Model of Unions, Two-Tier Bargaining and Capital Investment' in: Labour Economics, 2020, 67, 101936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11964
Unions and Wage Inequality: The Roles of Gender, Skill and Public Sector Employment
David Card, Thomas Lemieux, W. Craig Riddell
published in: Canadian Journal of Economics, 2020, 53 (1), 140 - 173
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11894
Wages, Creative Destruction, and Union Networks
Harald Dale-Olsen
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11828
Wage Floor Rigidity in Industry-Level Agreements: Evidence from France
Denis Fougère, Erwan Gautier, Sébastien Roux
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 55, 72-97
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11723
Labour Immigration and Union Strength
Henning Finseraas, Marianne Roed, Pal Schone
published in: European Union Politics, 2020, 21 (1), 3-23.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11617
Where Does Profit Sharing Work Best? A Meta-Analysis on the Role of Unions, Culture, and Values
Chris Doucouliagos, Patrice Laroche, Douglas L. Kruse, T. D. Stanley
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11615
State Substitution for the Trade Union Good: The Case of Paid Holiday Entitlements
John Forth, Alex Bryson
published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 5 - 23
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11378
Worker Representation and Temporary Employment in Germany: The Deployment and Extent of Fixed-Term Contracts and Temporary Agency Work
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Philipp Grunau, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published in: Journal of Participation and Employee Ownership, 2019, 2 (1), 24-46.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11223
The Twin Track Model of Employee Voice: An Anglo-American Perspective on Union Decline and the Rise of Alternative Forms of Voice
Alex Bryson, Richard B. Freeman, Rafael Gomez, Paul Willman
published in: Holland, P., Teicher, J. and Donaghey, J. (eds.) Employee Voice at Work, Springer, 2019
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11156
Comparing Micro-Evidence on Rent Sharing from Two Different Econometric Models
Sabien Dobbelaere, Jacques Mairesse
published in: Labour Economics, 2018, 52, 18-26
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11154
Foreign Ownership and Intra-Firm Union Density in Germany
Uwe Jirjahn
revised version published in: Economic and Industrial Democracy, 2021, 42 (4), 1052-1079
IZA Discussion Paper No. 11111
Union Density, Productivity and Wages
Erling Barth, Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen
published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (631), 1898 - 1936
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10899
Workplace Employee Representation and Industrial Relations Performance: New Evidence from the 2013 European Company Survey
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
published in: Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik (Journal of Economics and Statistics), 2019, 239 (1), 111-154
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10763
Changes in the German Wage Structure: Unions, Internationalization, Tasks, Firms, and Worker Characteristics
Martin Biewen, Matthias Seckler
revised version published as 'Unions, Internationalization, Tasks, Firms, and Worker Characteristics: A Detailed Decomposition Analysis of Rising Wage Inequality in Germany' in: Journal of Economic Inequality, 2019, 17, 461-498
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10723
How Asymmetrically Increasing Joint Strike Costs Need Not Lead to Fewer Strikes
Archontis L. Pantsios, Solomon Polachek
published in: Atlantic Economic Journal, 2017, 45 (2), 149-161
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10575
Strikes, Employee Workplace Representation, Unionism, and Trust: Evidence from Cross-Country Data
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira
revised version published in: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 2019, 159, 109-133.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10509
Regular versus Lump-Sum Payments in Union Contracts and Household Consumption
Effrosyni Adamopoulou, Roberta Zizza
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10446
The Effects of International Migration on Native Workers' Unionisation in Austria
José-Ignacio Antón, René Böheim, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer
published as 'The effect of migration on unionization in Austria' in: Empirical Economics, 2022, 63, 2693–2720
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10438
Men, Women and Unions
Getinet Astatike Haile
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2021, 52 (3), 201 - 217
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10435
Gender Differences in the Union Wage Premium? A Comparative Case Study
Alex Bryson, Harald Dale-Olsen, Kristine Nergaard
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2020, 26 (2), 173 - 190
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10335
Sick Pay Reforms and Health Status in a Unionised Labour Market
Laszlo Goerke
published in: Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 2017, 64(2), 115-142
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10292
Technical Efficiency, Unions and Decentralized Labor Contracts
Francesco Devicienti, Alessandro Manello, Davide Vannoni
published in: European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 260 (3), 1129 - 1141
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10290
Understanding Wage Floor Setting in Industry-Level Agreements: Evidence from France
Denis Fougère, Erwan Gautier, Sébastien Roux
IZA Discussion Paper No. 10043
UK Trades Unions and the Problems of Collective Action
Paul Willman, Alex Bryson, John Forth
published as 'UK Unions, Collective Action and the Cost Disease' in: British Journal of Industrial Relations, 2020, 58 (2), 447 - 470
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9963
Explaining Cross-National Variation in Workplace Employee Representation
John Forth, Alex Bryson, Anitha George
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 23 (4), 415-433
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9876
Unions and the Economic Basis of Attitudes
Michael White, Alex Bryson
published in: Industrial Relations Journal, 2016, 47 (4), 360-378
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9691
Gradual Collective Wage Bargaining
Sabien Dobbelaere, Roland Iwan Luttens
published in: Labour Economics, 2016, 40, 37-42
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9610
Effects of Unionization on Workplace-Safety Enforcement: Regression-Discontinuity Evidence
Aaron Sojourner, Jooyoung Yang
published in: ILR Review, 2022, 75 (2), 373-401.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9587
Collective Bargaining Systems and Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Flexibility: The Quest for Appropriate Institutional Forms in Advanced Economies
John T. Addison
published in: IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 2016, 5: 19
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9466
What Do Unions Do in Times of Economic Crisis? Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Artjoms Ivlevs, Michail Veliziotis
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2017, 23 (1), 81-96
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9412
The Welfare Effects of Globalization with Labor Market Regulation
Tapio K. Palokangas
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9410
Temporary Employment, Demand Volatility and Unions: Firm-Level Evidence
Francesco Devicienti, Paolo Naticchioni, Andrea Ricci
published in: Industrial and Labor Relation Review, 2018, 71 (1), 174-207
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9221
Sources of the Union Wage Gap: Results from High-Dimensional Fixed Effects Regression Models
John T. Addison, Pedro Portugal, Hugo Vilares
revised version published as 'Union Membership Density and Wages: The Role of Worker, Firm, and Job-Title Heterogeneity' in: Journal of Econometrics. 2023, 233 (2), 612-632.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9125
Micro-Evidence on Product and Labor Market Regime Differences between Chile and France
Sabien Dobbelaere, Rodolfo Lauterbach, Jacques Mairesse
published in: International Journal of Manpower, 2016, 37 (2), 229 - 252
IZA Discussion Paper No. 9124
Comparing Micro-Evidence on Rent Sharing from Three Different Approaches
Sabien Dobbelaere, Jacques Mairesse
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8989
Is There a Link Between Employer-Provided Health Insurance and Job Mobility? Evidence from Recent Micro Data
Benjamin W. Chute, Phanindra V. Wunnava
published in: Open Journal of Human Resource Management, 2018, 1 (1), 38 - 52
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8894
Trade, Wages, and Collective Bargaining: Evidence from France
Juan Carluccio, Denis Fougère, Erwan Gautier
published in: Economic Journal, 2015, 125 (584), 803-837
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8802
The Impact of Temporary Agency Work on Trade Union Wage Setting: A Theoretical Analysis
Thomas Beissinger, Philipp Baudy
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8750
Job Quality in Segmented Labor Markets: The Israeli Case
Shoshana Neuman
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8441
Examining the Relationship between Employee Resistance to Changes in Job Conditions and Wider Organisational Change: Evidence from Ireland
Hugh Cronin, Seamus McGuinness
published in: Evidence Based HRM, 2015, 4 (1), 30 - 48
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8419
Minimum Wage Systems and Earnings Inequalities: Does Institutional Diversity Matter?
Andrea Garnero, Stephan Kampelmann, François Rycx
published in: European Journal of Industrial Relations, 2015, 21 (2), 115-130
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8416
Who Do Unions Target? Unionization over the Life-Cycle of U.S. Businesses
Emin Dinlersoz, Jeremy Greenwood, Henry R. Hyatt
published in: ILR Review, 2017, 70(3): 733-766
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8361
Spillover Effects of Unionisation on Non-members' Well-being
Getinet Astatike Haile, Alex Bryson, Michael White
published in: Labour Economics, 2015, 35, 108-122
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8359
Changes in Bargaining Status and Intra-Plant Wage Dispersion in Germany: A Case of (Almost) Plus Ça Change?
John T. Addison, Arnd Kölling, Paulino Teixeira
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8358
Two-Tier Bargaining
Tito Boeri
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8259
Nurse Unions and Patient Outcomes
Arindrajit Dube, Ethan Kaplan, Owen Thompson
published in: ILR Review, 2016, 69 (4), 803 - 833
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8257
Union Decline and the Coverage Wage Gap in Germany
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Jens Stephani, Lutz Bellmann
published in: Journal of Labor Research, 2015, 36 (3), 301-317.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 8220
Labour-Market Institutions and the Dispersion of Wage Earnings
Wiemer Salverda, Daniele Checchi
published in: A. Atkinson and F. Bourguignon (eds.): Handbook of Income Distribution, 2, 2015, 1535–1727
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7871
Collective Bargaining and Innovation in Germany: Cooperative Industrial Relations?
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
revised version published as 'Collective Bargaining and Innovation in Germany: A Case of Cooperative Industrial Relations?' in: Industrial Relations, 2017, 56(1), 73-121.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7870
Chinese Unions and Enterprises Performance
Tony Fang, Ying Ge
published in: Asian Business & Management, 2019,18, 281–300.
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7541
The Economics of First-Contract Mediation
Sabien Dobbelaere, Roland Iwan Luttens
IZA Discussion Paper No. 7474
Indicative and Updated Estimates of the Collective Bargaining Premium in Germany
John T. Addison, Paulino Teixeira, Katalin Evers, Lutz Bellmann
published in: Industrial Relations, 2014, 53 (1), 125-157.
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