Discussion Papers

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18895

The Allocative Cost of War: A View to a Kill…ing of Productivity

Marvin Amann, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Oleksandr Talavera

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18772

The Cost of Industrial Destruction: Evidence from Ukrainian Strikes on Russian Refineries

Stepan Mikula, Fabio Sabatini

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18692

Explaining Divergence in Ocean Freight Rates and Passenger Fares, 1863-1913

Timothy J. Hatton

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18111

The Economic Benefits of a Strong US Military, Forward Presence, & International Alliances

Michael R. Strain

forthcoming in: Mackenzie Eaglen (ed.), Affording Defense: Investing in American Strength to Confront a More Dangerous World

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18084

The Impact of Geopolitical Risk on Consumer Expectations and Spending

Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Dimitris Georgarakos, Geoff Kenny, Olivier Coibion

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18041

Populism and the Skill-Content of Globalization

Frédéric Docquier, Stefano Iandolo, Hillel Rapoport, Riccardo Turati, Gonzague Vannoorenberghe

forthcoming at: The Economic Journal

IZA Discussion Paper No. 18017

Macroeconomic Expectations in a War

Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Vittal Vasudevan

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17823

War and Peace: How Economic Prospects Drive Conflictuality

Shuguang Jiang, Marie Claire Villeval, Zhengping Zhang, Jie Zheng

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17754

The Vicious Circle of Xenophobia: Immigration and Right-Wing Populism

Frédéric Docquier, Hillel Rapoport

published in: Economic Policy, 2025, 40 (122), 551–573.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17467

Sanctions and Their Effects on the Labor Market and the Economy

Afsaneh Zareei, Eskil Wadensjö

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17457

How Has the War in Ukraine Affected Russian Sentiments?

Mikael Elinder, Oscar Erixson, Olle Hammar

IZA Discussion Paper No. 17402

Migrants' Self-Selection and the Vicious Circle of Right-Wing Populism

Frédéric Docquier, Chrysovalantis Vasilakis

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16862

Hometown Conflict and Refugees' Integration Efforts

Cevat Giray Aksoy, Gaurav Khanna, Victoria Marino, Semih Tumen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16732

Digging up Trenches: Populism, Selective Mobility, and the Political Polarization of Italian Municipalities

Luca Bellodi, Frédéric Docquier, Stefano Iandolo, Massimo Morelli, Riccardo Turati

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16589

Economic Sanctions and Informal Employment

Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Roberto Nistico

published in: Labour Economics, 2024, 89, 102581

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16586

Foreshadowing Mars: Religiosity and Pre-enlightenment Warfare

Luke Barber, Michael Jetter, Tim Krieger

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16569

Mothers at Peace: International Peacebuilding and Post-conflict Fertility

Vincenzo Bove, Jessica Di Salvatore, Leandro Elia, Roberto Nistico

published in: Journal of Development Economics, 2024, 167, 103226

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16340

Building Reputation: Proxy Wars and Transnational Identities

Marion Mercier, Arthur Silve, Benjamin Tremblay-Auger

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16146

Who Is to Suffer? Quantifying the Impact of Sanctions on German Firms

Holger Görg, Anna Jacobs, Saskia Meuchelböck

published in: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2024, 228, 106767

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16120

British Voting Intentions and the Far Reach of 11 September Terrorist Attacks in New York

Elena G. F. Stancanelli

IZA Discussion Paper No. 16011

Trade Liberalization, Economic Activity, and Political Violence in the Global South: Evidence from PTAs

Francesco Amodio, Leonardo Baccini, Giorgio Chiovelli, Michele Di Maio

published in: Economic Policy, 2024, 39 (118), 275–322

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15970

Economic Sanctions and Trade Flows in the Neighbourhood

Vincenzo Bove, Jessica Di Salvatore, Roberto Nistico

published in: Journal of Law and Economics, 2024, 66 (4), 671 - 697

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15642

Migrants from Ukraine and Belarus Living in Sweden before the War

Fredrik W. Andersson, Eskil Wadensjö

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15606

A Glimpse of Freedom: Allied Occupation and Political Resistance in East Germany

Luis R. Martinez, Jonas Jessen, Guo Xu

published in: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2023, 15 (1), 68-106

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15570

Is Secessionism Mostly about Income or Identity? A Global Analysis of 3,003 Subnational Regions

Klaus Desmet, Ignacio Ortuño Ortín, Ömer Özak

published in: Economic Journal, 2025, 135 (668), 1261–1299

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15485

Persecution, Pogroms and Genocide: A Conceptual Framework and New Evidence

Sascha O. Becker, Sharun Mukand, Ivan Yotzov

published in: Explorations in Economic History, 2022, 86, 101471

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15348

Millet, Rice, and Isolation: Origins and Persistence of the World's Most Enduring Mega-State

James Kai-sing Kung, Ömer Özak, Louis Putterman, Shuang Shi

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15298

Terrorism, Media Coverage and Education: Evidence from Al-Shabaab Attacks in Kenya

Marco Alfano, Joseph-Simon Goerlach

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2023, 21 (2), 727–763

IZA Discussion Paper No. 15234

How Economic, Political and Institutional Factors Influence the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes? New Evidence from Selected Countries of the MENA Region

Najia Maraoui, Thouraya Hadj Amor, Islem Khefacha, Christophe Rault

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14840

Asylum Recognition Rates in Europe: Persecution, Policies and Performance

Timothy J. Hatton

published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2023, 76, 102267

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14834

Institutional Integration and Productivity Growth: Evidence from the 1995 Enlargement of the European Union

Nauro F. Campos, Fabrizio Coricelli, Emanuele Franceschi

published in: European Economic Review, 2022, 142, 104014

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14814

Employment Effects of Economic Sanctions in Iran

Ali Moghaddasi Kelishomi, Roberto Nistico

published in: World Development, 2022, 151, 105760.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14538

Migration and Labor Market Integration in Europe

David Dorn, Josef Zweimüller

published in: Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2021, 35(2), 49-76

IZA Discussion Paper No. 14023

Ethnic Divisions and the Onset of Civil Wars in Syria

Salah Abosedra, Ali Fakih, Nathir Haimoun

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13865

Revenge of the Experts: Will COVID-19 Renew or Diminish Public Trust in Science?

Barry Eichengreen, Cevat Giray Aksoy, Orkun Saka

revised version published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2021, 193, 104343

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13511

Explaining Post-Cold-War Civil Conflict among 17 Billion Models: The Importance of History and Religion

Michael Jetter, Rafat Mahmood, Christopher F. Parmeter, Andres Ramirez Hassan

published as 'Post-Cold War civil conflict and the role of history and religion: A stochastic search variable selection approach' in: Economic Modelling, 2022, 114, 105907

IZA Discussion Paper No. 13351

The Political Scar of Epidemics

Cevat Giray Aksoy, Barry Eichengreen, Orkun Saka

revised version published in: Economic Journal, 2024, 134 (600), 1683–1700,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12955

The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Violent Conflicts in South Asia

Raymond Robertson, Gladys Lopez-Acevedo, Matias Morales

published in: Contemporary South Asia, 2023, 31 (3), 371 - 389

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12696

Passports for Sale: The Political Economy of Conflict and Cooperation in a Meta-Club

Kai A. Konrad, Ray Rees

published in: European Journal of Political Economy, 2020, 62, 101855

IZA Discussion Paper No. 12318

Military Intervention via Drone Strikes

Rafat Mahmood, Michael Jetter

published in: Economic Journal, 2023, 133 (650), 787-811

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11900

The Effect of Media Coverage on Mass Shootings

Michael Jetter, Jay K. Walker

final version published as 'News coverage and mass shootings in the US' in: European Economic Review, 2022, 148, 104221

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11834

Determinants and Dynamics of Forced Migration to Europe: Evidence from a 3-D Model of Flows and Stocks

Tilman Brück, Kai M. Dunker, Neil T.N. Ferguson, Aline Meysonnat, Eleonora Nillesen

IZA Discussion Paper No. 11743

Do Laws Shape Attitudes? Evidence from Same-Sex Relationship Recognition Policies in Europe

Cevat Giray Aksoy, Christopher S. Carpenter, Ralph De Haas, Kevin Tran

revised version published in: European Economic Review, 2020, 124, 103399

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10994

Cohort at Risk: Long-Term Consequences of Conflict for Child School Achievement

Hendrik Jürges, Luca Stella, Sameh Hallaq, Alexandra Schwarz

published in: Journal of Population Economics, 2022, 35, 1-43

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10936

Child Discipline in Times of Conflict

Michael Malcolm, Vidya Diwakar, George S Naufal

published in: Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2020, 64 (6), 1070–1094

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10819

Security, Trade, and Political Violence

Francesco Amodio, Leonardo Baccini, Michele Di Maio

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2021, 19 (1), 1-37

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10816

Industrial Espionage and Productivity

Albrecht Glitz, Erik Meyersson

published in: American Economic Review, 2020, 110 (4), 1055-1103

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10708

Terrorism and the Media: The Effect of US Television Coverage on Al-Qaeda Attacks

Michael Jetter

published as 'The inadvertent consequences of al-Qaeda news coverage' in: European Economic Review, 2019, 119, 391-410

IZA Discussion Paper No. 10025

Laws, Costs, Norms, and Learning: Improving Working Conditions in Developing Countries

Drusilla Brown, Rajeev Dehejia, Raymond Robertson

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9882

Individual Well-Being and the Allocation of Time Before and After the Boston Marathon Terrorist Bombing

Andrew E. Clark, Elena G. F. Stancanelli

heavily revised version, with Orla Doyle, published in: Economic Journal, 2020, 130 (631), 2065–2104

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9418

Tradable Refugee-Admission Quotas (TRAQs), the Syrian Crisis and the New European Agenda on Migration

Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Hillel Rapoport

published in: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 2015, 4:23

IZA Discussion Paper No. 9230

Completing the Monetary Union of Europe as Mid-term Solution of the Euro Crisis

Justina A.V. Fischer, Francesco Pastore

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8866

Reciprocal Climate Negotiators

Karine Nyborg

published in: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2018, 92, 707-725

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8683

Tradable Refugee-Admission Quotas and EU Asylum Policy

Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Hillel Rapoport

published in: CESifo Economic Studies, 2015, 61 (3-4), 638-672

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8603

The Gender Pay Gap Across Countries: A Human Capital Approach

Solomon Polachek, Jun Xiang

published in: Esther Redmount (ed.), The Economics of the Family: How the Household Affects Markets and Economic Growth, 2014, 2, 27-66.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8598

An Unemployment Insurance Scheme for the Euro Area? A Comparison of Different Alternatives using Micro Data

Mathias Dolls, Clemens Fuest, Dirk Neumann, Andreas Peichl

revised version published in: International Tax and Public Finance, 2018, 25, 273 - 309

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8543

Learning the Hard Way: The Effect of Violent Conflict on Student Academic Achievement

Tilman Brück, Michele Di Maio, Sami H. Miaari

published in: Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019, 17 (5), 1502 - 1037

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8497

Terrorism and the Media

Michael Jetter

updated version published as 'Journal of Policy Analysis and Management' in: Journal of Public Economics, 2017, 153, 32-48

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8163

Testing an EU-Candidate's Place on the Maps of Global Economic, Political and Social Values: The Case of Turkey

Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati

published as 'Testing Turkey’s Place Within the Maps of Global Economic, Political and Social Values' in: Polish Political Science Review, 2017, 5 (1), 73 - 110

IZA Discussion Paper No. 8052

UN Interventions: The Role of Geography

Juan Carlos Duque, Michael Jetter, Santiago Sosa

revised version published in: Review of International Organizations, 2015, 10(1), 67-95

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7985

The Slump and Immigration Policy in Europe

Timothy J. Hatton

published in: P. Bevelander and B. Petersson (eds.), Crisis and Migration: Implications of the Eurozone crisis for perceptions, politics, and policies of migration, Nordic Academic Press 2014, Lund, Sweden, Chapter 2, 25-47

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7132

Trade Liberalization, Democratization and Technology Adoption

Matteo Cervellati, Alireza Naghavi, Farid Toubal

published in: Journal of Economic Growth, 2018, 23 (2), 145-173

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7020

Immigrants, Ethnic Identities and the Nation-State

Amelie F. Constant, Klaus F. Zimmermann

published in: A. F. Constant, K. F. Zimmermann (eds), International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, Edward Elgar 2013, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, USA, Chapter 14, 259-275

IZA Discussion Paper No. 7004

Refugee and Asylum Migration to the OECD: A Short Overview

Timothy J. Hatton

published in: A. F. Constant, K. F. Zimmermann (eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Migration, Edward Elgar 2013, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, USA, Chapter 24, 453-469

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5765

Tradable Immigration Quotas

Jesús Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Hillel Rapoport

Published in: Journal of Public Economics, 2014, 115, 94-108

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5715

Portability of Pension, Health, and Other Social Benefits: Facts, Concepts, Issues

Robert Holzmann, Johannes Koettl

published in: CESifo Economic Studies, 2015, 61 (2), 377– 415,

IZA Discussion Paper No. 5067

Identifying Conflict and Violence in Micro-Level Surveys

Tilman Brück, Patricia Justino, Philip Verwimp, Alexandra Avdeenko

revised version published in: World Bank Research Observer, 2015, 31 (1), 29-58.

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4852

Shutdown Contests in Multi-Plant Firms and Governmental Intervention

Matthias Kräkel

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4483

Prospective NATO or EU Membership and Institutional Change in Transition Countries

Ansgar H. Belke, Ingo Bordon, Inna Melnykovska, Rainer Schweickert

published in: Economics of Transition, 2011, 19 (4), 667-692

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4459

Asabiyya: Re-Interpreting Value Change in Globalized Societies

Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4393

Re-Orient? MNC Penetration and Contemporary Shifts in the Global Political Economy

Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati

published in: Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review, 2011, 44 (3), 1-20

IZA Discussion Paper No. 4061

International Terrorism, Political Instability and the Escalation Effect

Nauro F. Campos, Martin Gassebner

published in: Economics & Politics, 2013, 25 (1), 27-47

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3482

Efficiency and Effectiveness of Social Spending

Peter Herrmann, Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati, Chemen S. J. Bajalan

published in: Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, 2009, 35(1), 13-43

IZA Discussion Paper No. 3198

On the Multivariate Analysis of the "Lisbon Process"

Arno Tausch, Almas Heshmati, Chemen S. J. Bajalan

published in: History & Mathematics: Processes and Models of Global Dynamics, Volgograd, Russia, 2010, 92 – 137

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2499

The Age of Mass Migration: Economic and Institutional Determinants

Graziella Bertocchi, Chiara Strozzi

revised version published as "International Migration and the Role of Institutions" in: Public Choice, 2008, 137(1), 81-102

IZA Discussion Paper No. 2170

Trade, Peace and Democracy: An Analysis of Dyadic Dispute

Solomon Polachek, Carlos Seiglie

published in: T. Sandler and K. Hardley (eds.), Handbook of Defense Economics Vol. 2, Elsevier 2007