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Does Educational Tracking Affect Performance and Inequality? Differences-in-Differences Evidence across Countries by Eric A. Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann (December 2005) published in: Economic Journal, 2006, 116 (510), C63-C76 Abstract: Even though some countries track students into differing-ability schools by age 10, others keep their entire secondary-school system comprehensive. To estimate the effects of such institutional differences in the face of country heterogeneity, we employ an international differences-in-differences approach. We identify tracking effects by comparing differences in outcome between primary and secondary school across tracked and non-tracked systems. Six international student assessments provide eight pairs of achievement contrasts for between 18 and 26 cross-country comparisons. The results suggest that early tracking increases educational inequality. While less clear, there is also a tendency for early tracking to reduce mean performance. Therefore, there does not appear to be any equity-efficiency trade-off. Text: See Discussion Paper No. 1901 
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